Social anhedonia and schizotypy in a community sample: the Maryland longitudinal study of schizotypy

Blanchard, J. J.; Collins, L. M.; Aghevli, M.; Leung, W. W.; Cohen, A. S.

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp107

Cited by 187Schizophrenia research and treatmentPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual OffendingMental Health and Psychiatry

Social anhedonia and schizotypy in a community sample: the Maryland longitudinal study of schizotypy

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Blanchard, J. J., Collins, L. M., Aghevli, M., Leung, W. W., Cohen, A. S.·2011·Schizophrenia Bulletin

DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbp107PMC PMC3080671

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Abstract

Social anhedonia has been employed in psychometric high-risk studies to identify putative schizotypes. To date, this research has focused almost exclusively on college samples. The current study sought to examine the validity of social anhedonia as an indicator of risk for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders within a community sample. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of other individual difference variables in accounting for variable clinical severity within the social anhedonia group including trait affectivity, social support, and family environment. Following the mailed questionnaire screening of 2434 eighteen-year olds, laboratory assessments were conducted with individuals identified as being high in social anhedonia (n=86) and a comparison sample (n=89). Compared with the control group, individuals in the social anhedonia group were found to have higher rates of mood disorders, elevated schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder characteristics, greater negative symptom characteristics, and lower global functioning. Individuals within the social anhedonia group also reported greater trait negative affectivity, lower positive affectivity, less social support, and more family conflict. Low social support and problematic family environment were found to be related to elevations in spectrum personality disorder characteristics and poorer functioning within the social anhedonia group. These cross-sectional findings from a community sample provide further support for social anhedonia as a possible indicator of schizotypy.

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Social anhedonia is related to lower levels of social functioning.
“social anhedonia is related to lower levels of social functioning (Blanchard et al., 2011)”
From Social functioning in major depressive disorder (2016) · cites this paper as Blanchard et al., 2011
People from the general healthy community with high levels of social anhedonia report fewer personal relationships, are less likely to be in intimate relationships, prefer to be alone, and are less committed to and experience fewer positive feelings toward their partner when in a relationship.
“People drawn from the general healthy community with high levels of social anhedonia report fewer personal relationships (30, 36), are less likely to be in intimate relationships (37), prefer to be alone (30), are less committed to, and experience fewer positive feelings toward, their partner when in a relationship (31).”
From A transdiagnostic perspective on social anhedonia (2019) · cites this paper as [36]

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Cognitive Slippage in Schizotypic Individuals
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Primary and secondary hypohedonia.
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Social support predicts 5-year outcome in first-episode schizophrenia.
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Primary and secondary hypohedonia.
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Emotional correlates of the different dimensions of schizotypal personality disorder.
Berenbaum, H., Boden, M. T., Baker, J. P., Dizén, M., Thompson, R. J., & Abramowitz, A. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.2.359 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Normative emotion-modulated startle response in individuals at risk for schizophrenia–spectrum disorders
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Affective and social-behavioral correlates of physical and social anhedonia in schizophrenia.
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The Representation of Four Personality Disorders by the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality Dimensional Model of Personality.
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Ethnicity and gender in scales of psychosis proneness and mood disorders.
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Examining an Affect Regulation Model of Substance Abuse in Schizophrenia
Blanchard, J. J., Squires, D. D., HENRY, T., Horan, W. P., Bogenschutz, M. P., Lauriello, J., & Bustillo, J. (1999) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199902000-00002 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
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Assessment of psychosis proneness in African‐American college students
Kwapil, T. R., Crump, R. A., & Pickup, D. R. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10078 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Neuropsychological functioning and social anhedonia: Results from a community high-risk study
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Stability and clinical correlates of personality characteristics in recent-onset schizophrenia
Horan, W. P., Subotnik, K. L., Reise, S. P., Ventura, J., & Nuechterlein, K. H. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170500440x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Behavioral signs of schizoidia and schizotypy in social anhedonics
Collins, L. M., Blanchard, J. J., & Biondo, K. M. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.04.021 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
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Visuoconstructive performance, implicit hemispatial inattention, and schizotypy
Gooding, D. C. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(03)00157-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Saccadic performance in questionnaire-identified schizotypes over time
Gooding, D. C., Shea, H. B., & Matts, C. W. (2005) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.12.029 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Do confidants of depressed women provide less social support than confidants of nondepressed women?
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Affectivity in the problem-solving interactions of schizophrenia patients and their family members
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Social functioning in major depressive disorder
Kupferberg, A., Bicks, L., & Hasler, G. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.002 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
“In addition, social anhedonia is related to lower levels of social functioning (Blanchard et al., 2011) and decreases the potential to engage in positive social interactions later in life.”
Schizotypy: looking back and moving forward
Kwapil, T. R., & Barrantes-Vidal, N. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu186 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Social networks, support and early psychosis: a systematic review
Gayer-Anderson, C., & Morgan, C. (2013) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796012000406 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
“…al. (2010) Netherlands FE (in- and out-patient) (non-western migrants) 100 Medical controls (non-western migrants), siblings 100, 63 Shortened Social Support Scale (16)* x-sectional Blanchard et al. (2011) USA Students 175 – – Social Support Questionnaire (11)*, Interpersonal Support Evaluation…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Genetics, Cognition, and Neurobiology of Schizotypal Personality: A Review of the Overlap with Schizophrenia
Ettinger, U., Meyhöfer, I., Steffens, M., Wagner, M., & Koutsouleris, N. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00018 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Is schizophrenia on the autism spectrum?
King, B. H., & Lord, C. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.031 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
“Several authors have described a “schizophrenia spectrum” that includes personality and mood disorders in addition to these individuals with a broader schizophrenia phenotype (or “schizotype”) (Barrantes-Vidal et al., 2010; Blanchard et al., 2009; Horan et al., 2008).”
Characterization of psychotic experiences in adolescence using the specific psychotic experiences questionnaire: Findings from a study of 5000 16-year-old twins
Ronald, A., Sieradzka, D., Cardno, A. G., Haworth, C. M. A., McGuire, P., & Freeman, D. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt106 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
The assessment of interpersonal pleasure: Introduction of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS) and preliminary findings
Gooding, D. C., & Pflum, M. J. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.10.012 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Individual differences in the executive control of attention, memory, and thought, and their associations with schizotypy.
Kane, M. J., Meier, M. E., Smeekens, B. A., Gross, G. M., Chun, C. A., Silvia, P. J., & Kwapil, T. R. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000184 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Interpersonal dysfunction in personality disorders: A meta-analytic review.
Wilson, S., Stroud, C. B., & Durbin, C. E. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000101 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
A transdiagnostic perspective on social anhedonia
Barkus, E., & Badcock, J. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00216 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
“People drawn from the general healthy community with high levels of social anhedonia report fewer personal relationships (30, 36), are less likely to be in intimate relationships (37), prefer to be alone (30), are less committed to, and experience fewer positive feelings toward, their partner when in a relationship (3…”
Development and psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale: A new measure for assessing positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy
Kwapil, T. R., Gross, G. M., Silvia, P. J., Raulin, M. L., & Barrantes‐Vidal, N. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.001 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“Furthermore, we have benefited from innovative research using schizotypy measures conducted by colleagues in the field (e.g., Blanchard et al., 2011; Bolinsky et al., 2017; Gooding et al., 2005).”
Method
The neural basis of theory of mind and its relationship to social functioning and social anhedonia in individuals with schizophrenia
Dodell-Feder, D., Tully, L. M., Lincoln, S. H., & Hooker, C. I. (2014) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.11.006 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“, 2009), report less social support and social coping (Blanchard et al., 2011; Horan et al., 2007), greater levels of perceived stress (Horan et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
The impact of COVID-19 on mental health: The interactive roles of brain biotypes and human connection
Hagerty, S. L., & Williams, L. M. (2020) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100078 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“Moreover, anhedonia has a functional impact on engagement in social connection, as social anhedonia has been associated with decreased social support and impaired functioning in social domains (Blanchard et al., 2011) .”
Social anhedonia is associated with neural abnormalities during face emotion processing
Germine, L. T., Garrido, L., Bruce, L., & Hooker, C. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.059 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“Higher levels of SA are related to lower levels of social support and social functioning (Blanchard et al., 2011).”
Background
Quality of life across the schizotypy spectrum: findings from a large nonclinical adult sample
Cohen, A. S., & Davis, T. E. (2009) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.11.002 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
Anhedonia: A Concept Analysis
Ho, N., & Sommers, M. S. (2013) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2013.02.001 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Sensitivity shift theory: a developmental model of positive affect and motivational deficits in social anxiety disorder
Richey, J. A., Brewer, J. A., Sullivan-Toole, H., Strege, M. V., Kim-Spoon, J., White, S. W., & Ollendick, T. H. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101756 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The multidimensional schizotypy scale-brief: Scale development and psychometric properties
Gross, G. M., Kwapil, T. R., Raulin, M. L., Silvia, P. J., & Barrantes‐Vidal, N. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.033 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies employing these measures have enhanced our understanding of schizotypy and the development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (e.g., BarrantesVidal et al., 2013; Blanchard et al., 2011; Chapman et al., 1994; Gooding et al., 2005; Raine, 1991).”
Theory of Mind and psychometric schizotypy
Gooding, D. C., & Pflum, M. J. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.04.029 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“, 2007) as well as communitydrawn socially anhedonic individuals (Blanchard et al., 2009).”
Background
Affective forecasting in individuals with social anhedonia: The role of social components in anticipated emotion, prospection and neural activation
Zhang, R., Yang, Z.-Y., Wang, Y.-M., Wang, Y., Yang, T., Cheung, E. F. C., Martin, E. A., & Chan, R. C. K. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.006 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Challenges of Fitting an Item Response Theory Model to the Social Anhedonia Scale
Reise, S. P., Horan, W. P., & Blanchard, J. J. (2011) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2011.558868 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neural activity to positive expressions predicts daily experience of schizophrenia-spectrum symptoms in adults with high social anhedonia.
Hooker, C. I., Benson, T. L., Gyurak, A., Yin, H., Tully, L. M., & Lincoln, S. H. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035223 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Domain-specific hedonic deficits towards social affective but not monetary incentives in social anhedonia
Xie, W.-Z., Yan, C., Ying, X.-Y., Zhu, S.-Y., Shi, H.-S., Wang, Y., Cheung, E. F. C., & Chan, R. C. K. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep04056 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Cognitive and Prepulse Inhibition Deficits in Psychometrically High Schizotypal Subjects in the General Population: Relevance to Schizophrenia Research
Giakoumaki, S. G. (2012) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561771200029x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“…2001) difficulties, deteriorated socioeconomic status (Thaker et al., 2001), interpersonal problems (Aguirre et al., 2008; Barrantes-Vidal et al., 2010; Blanchard et al., 2011), and increased depressive and anxiety traits (Lewandowski et al., 2006; Seghers et al., 2011), resulting in poor…”
Background
Anticipation and experience of emotions in patients with schizophrenia and negative symptoms. An experimental study in a social context
Engel, M., Fritzsche, A., & Lincoln, T. M. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.11.028 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Anticipatory pleasure and approach motivation in schizophrenia-like negative symptoms
Engel, M., Fritzsche, A., & Lincoln, T. M. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.07.025 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“, 2012) but also of associated anhedonia (Blanchard et al., 2011; Piskulic et al., 2012).”
Influential
Social anhedonia and social functioning: Loneliness as a mediator
Tan, M., Shallis, A., & Barkus, E. (2020) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.344 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“investigate whether individuals with high social anhedonia benefit from perceived social support across their lifespan despite their self-reported diminished pleasure from social interactions (Blanchard et al., 2011).”
Background
Prospection deficits in schizophrenia: Evidence from clinical and subclinical samples.
Yang, Z., Xie, D., Zou, Y.-M., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Shi, H., Zhang, R., Li, W., Cheung, E. F. C., Kring, A. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000382 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Psychometric properties and validity of short forms of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales in two large samples
Gross, G. M., Silvia, P. J., Barrantes‐Vidal, N., & Kwapil, T. R. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.11.032 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“For example, Blanchard et al. (2011) reported that high scorers on the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale exhibited elevated rates of schizophrenia-spectrum symptoms and impaired functioning. Gooding et al. (2006) reported that participants scoring high on the Perceptual Aberration, Magical Ideation, or Revised Social Anh…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Is Social Anhedonia related to Emotional Responsivity and Expressivity? A laboratory study in Women
Leung, W. W., Couture, S. M., Blanchard, J., Lin, S., & Llerena, K. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.06.012 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social anhedonia and affiliation: Examining behavior and subjective reactions within a social interaction
Llerena, K., Park, S. G., Couture, S. M., & Blanchard, J. J. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.050 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Several studies have now shown that social anhedonia in nonclinical individuals is characterized by decreased positive affect (Gooding et al., 2002; Kerns et al., 2008; Leung et al., 2010; Blanchard et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Increased social anhedonia and reduced helping behaviour in young people with high depressive symptomatology
Setterfield, M., Walsh, M., Frey, A.-L., & McCabe, C. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.020 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“, 2015), and subjects with high social anhedonia scores experience more frequent (Blanchard et al., 2009) and more severe (Kwapil, 1998; Rey et al.”
Prediction of psychosis in clinical high-risk patients by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Results of the EPOS project
Salokangas, R. K. R., Dingemans, P. M. A. J., Heinimaa, M., Svirskis, T., Luutonen, S. H., Hietala, J. A., Ruhrmann, S., Juckel, G., von Reventlow, H. G., Linszen, D. H., et al. (2013) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.01.001 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“In addition to the diagnostic criteria [1], social anhedonia and anomalous subjective experiences seem to be characteristic for individuals with schizotypal traits or Schizotypal Personality Disorders [5,32].”
Background
Schizotypal traits in adolescents: Links to family history of psychosis and psychological distress
Cella, M., Serra, M., Lai, A., Mason, O. J., Sisti, D., Rocchi, M., Preti, A., & Петретто, Д. Р. (2012) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.04.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Validity of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale: Associations with schizotypal traits and normal personality.
Kwapil, T. R., Gross, G. M., Burgin, C. J., Raulin, M. L., Silvia, P. J., & Barrantes‐Vidal, N. (2018) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000288 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Behavioral signs of schizoidia and schizotypy in social anhedonics
Collins, L. M., Blanchard, J. J., & Biondo, K. M. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.04.021 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citation
Epidemiological Dimensions of Social Anhedonia
Dodell‐Feder, D., & Germine, L. T. (2018) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618773740 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Dimensional schizotypy and social cognition: an fMRI imaging study
Wang, Y., Liu, W., Li, Z., Wei, X., Jiang, X., Neumann, D. L., Shum, D., Cheung, E. F. C., & Chan, R. C. K. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00133 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“The posterior STS/TPJ integrates information from the external environment and internal sensory and perceptual information and plays an important role in self-other distinction (Abu-Akel and Shamay-Tsoory, 2011).”
BackgroundInfluential
The Factor Structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in Undergraduate and Community Samples
Zhang, L. C., & Brenner, C. A. (2016) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2016_30_233 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Chapman psychosis-proneness scales: Consistency across culture and time
Chan, R. C. K., Shi, H., Geng, F., Liu, W., Yan, C., Wang, Y., & Gooding, D. C. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.031 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Psychometric assessment of psychosis-proneness in general, and in particular, schizotypy, has proven to be a viable means of screening large numbers of individuals from community (Blanchard et al., 2011) and college populations (e.”
Background
Differential mesolimbic and prefrontal alterations during reward anticipation and consummation in positive and negative schizotypy
Yan, C., Wang, Y., Su, L., Xu, T., Yin, D., Fan, M., Deng, C., Wang, Z., Lui, S. S. Y., Cheung, E. F. C., et al. (2016) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.014 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Since social dysfunction is one of the major features of schizotypal personality disorder (Blanchard et al., 2009; Raine, 2006), it is not clear whether reinforcement stimuli with more social content would lead to the same results.”
The Association Between Autistic Traits and Mental Well-Being
Stimpson, N. J., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. (2020) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00229-5 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Individuals with psychometric schizotypy show similar social but not physical anhedonia to patients with schizophrenia
Wang, Y., Lui, S. S. Y., Zou, L., Zhang, Q., Zhao, Q., Yan, C., Hong, X., Tan, S., Cheung, E. F. C., & Chan, R. C. K. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.02.017 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Perinatal complications and schizophrenia: involvement of the immune system
Jenkins, T. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00110 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Features of social withdrawal, anxiety and anhedonia in those individuals with elevated schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder is often observed (Gruzelier and Kaiser, 1996; Blanchard et al., 2011).”
Background
Anhedonia in the psychosis risk syndrome: associations with social impairment and basal orbitofrontal cortical activity
Cressman, V. L., Schobel, S., Steinfeld, S., Ben‐David, S., Thompson, J. L., Small, S. A., Moore, H. M., & Corcoran, C. M. (2015) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/npjschz.2015.20 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Functional connectivity of the default mode network is associated with prospection in schizophrenia patients and individuals with social anhedonia
Yang, Z.-Y., Zhang, R., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y.-M., Wang, S., Öngür, D., Cheung, E. F. C., & Chan, R. C. K. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.02.008 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Social anhedonia (SocAhn), which has been consistently demonstrated in schizophrenia patients, is also a core manifestation of schizotypy (Blanchard et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2014).”
Background
Reduced DNA Methylation of the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Is Associated With Anhedonia-Asociality in Women With Recent-Onset Schizophrenia and Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis
Bang, M., Kang, J. I., Kim, S. J., Park, J. Y., Kim, K. R., Lee, S. Y., Park, K., Lee, E. M., Lee, S., & An, S. K. (2019) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz016 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Each UHR individual met at least one of the following diagnoses: (1) attenuated positive symptom syndrome, (2) brief intermittent psychotic symptom syndrome, or (3) genetic risk and deterioration syndrome.”
Background
The association between social anhedonia, withdrawal and psychotic experiences in general and high-risk populations
Velthorst, E., & Meijer, C. J. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.03.022 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“It was consistently found that the SA group exceeds the control group in the reported number of psychotic experiences (PEs) (Kwapil, 1998; Collins et al., 2005; Rey et al., 2009; Blanchard et al., 2011).”
Background
Motivation and effort in individuals with social anhedonia
McCarthy, J. M., Treadway, M. T., & Blanchard, J. J. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.03.030 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Additionally, in nonclinical samples, elevated social anhedonia is an important research target, because it associated with clinical symptoms, decreased social support (Blanchard et al., 2011), and impaired social functioning (Diaz et al., 2003; Diaz, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Prediction of prodromal symptoms and schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder traits by positive and negative schizotypy: A 3-year prospective study
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“In the healthy population, anhedonia has also been observed in at-risk individuals such as those with schizotypy, who are medication-free but exhibit cognitive deficits and psychotic symptom-like experiences (Blanchard et al., 2011; Cohen et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInfluential
The importance of loneliness in psychotic-like symptoms: Data from three studies
Le, T. P., Cowan, T., Schwartz, E. K., Elvevåg, B., Holmlund, T. B., Foltz, P. W., Barkus, E., & Cohen, A. S. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112625 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“, 2016), negative schizotypy and associated psychometrically-defined social anhedonia remain a particularly important vulnerability marker for transition of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and psychosis (Blanchard et al., 2011).”
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“Studies also found that within the schizotypal group, individuals with negative schizotypy had poorer social functioning than those with positive schizotypy (Blanchard et al., 2011; Henry et al., 2008).”
Elucidating negative symptoms in the daily life of individuals in the early stages of psychosis
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“Furthermore, studies based on undergraduate student (Kwapil, 1998) and general population samples (Blanchard et al. 2011) have confirmed that high scores on scales designed to assess social anhedonia are associated with psychosis proneness and/or schizotypy.”
Background
The neural transfer effect of working memory training to enhance hedonic processing in individuals with social anhedonia
Li, X., Li, Z., Li, K., Zeng, Y., Shi, H., Xie, W.-L., Yang, Z., Lui, S. S. Y., Cheung, E. F. C., Leung, A. W. S., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep35481 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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“Furthermore, recent studies have also shown that individuals experiencing less pleasure in social interactions have hedonic deficits in social affect (Xie et al., 2014), greater negative-symptom-like characteristics and worse social functioning (Blanchard et al., 2011).”
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Differential Item Functioning of the Full and Brief Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales in Asian, White, Hispanic, and Multiethnic Samples and Between Sexes
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“At the same time, even if these results do not generalize beyond undergraduate samples, the current results are relevant to schizotypy research because the WSS are much more commonly used with college students than general population samples (Blanchard et al., 2011).”
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The subjective-objective deficit paradox in schizotypy extends to emotion regulation and awareness
Li, L. Y., Karcher, N. R., Kerns, J. G., Fung, C. K., & Martin, E. A. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.026 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Social anhedonia and clinical outcomes in early adulthood: A three-year follow-up study within a community sample
Cohen, A. S., Couture, S. M., & Blanchard, J. J. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.07.024 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“In the baseline MLSS data, we found that compared to controls, individuals with social anhedonia were abnormal with respect to PA and NA (Blanchard et al., 2011), and also found to report less cohesion and greater conflict in family relationships, poorer social support and overall lower functioning.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Psychotic-like symptoms and positive schizotypy are associated with mixed and ambiguous handedness in an adolescent community sample
Barrantes‐Vidal, N., Gómez-de-Regil, L., Navarro, J. B., Vicens-Vilanova, J., Obiols, J. E., & Kwapil, T. R. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.008 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“A substantial body of work has demonstrated that psychometrically assessed schizotypy is associated cross-sectionally with laboratory, interview, cognitive, and biobehavioral measures of schizophrenic symptoms and impairment (Claridge, 1997; Raine, 2006; Blanchard et al., 2011; Kwapil et al., 2012).”
The relation between schizotypy and early attention to rejecting interactions: The influence of neuroticism
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“…Brown et al. 2008; Horton et al. 2014), such that social anxiety relates more strongly to positive than negative schizotypy, while social avoidance relates more strongly to negative than positive schizotypy (Berry et al. 2007; Blanchard et al. 2011; Haralanova et al. 2012; Kwapil et al. 2013).”
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Social consequences of subclinical negative symptoms: An EMG study of facial expressions within a social interaction
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Early maladaptive schemas in patients with schizophrenia and non-patients with high and low schizotypal traits and their differences based on depression severity
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Social brain network correlates with real-life social network in individuals with schizophrenia and social anhedonia
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The Relationship Between Suicidal Ideation and Parental Attachment Among Adolescents: The Mediator of Anhedonia and Peer Attachment
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“…a relationship with their peers (Berry et al., 2007; Brown et al., 2007). fMRI studies also verified that, at an anatomical level, individuals with less meaningful friendships had low levels of activation in reward-related regions such as the striatum (Braams et al., 2014; Powers et al., 2018).”
Background
Anhedonia Across and Beyond the Schizophrenia Spectrum
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“19,20 Moreover, clinical studies showed that elevation of anhedonia in the ultra-high risk (UHR) population 21 and unaffected relatives of SCZ patients 22 may indicate onset of SCZ.”
Schizotypy and hemispheric asymmetry: Results from two Chapman scales, the O-LIFE questionnaire, and two laterality measures
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Adults with high social anhedonia have altered neural connectivity with ventral lateral prefrontal cortex when processing positive social signals
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The Subjective-Objective Disjunction in Psychometrically-Defined Schizotypy: What it is and Why it is Important?
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“Similar to patients with schizophrenia, individuals with psychometric schizotypy show high levels of trait anhedonia on subjective measures and are rated as being anhedonic by trained interviewers (Blanchard, Collins, Aghevli, Leung, & Cohen, 2011; Horan, Blanchard, Clark, & Green, 2008).”
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Mediation effect of beliefs about pleasure and emotional experience between social anhedonia and prediction of pleasant events.
Hu, H.-X., Chu, M.-Y., Yang, Y., Wang, L.-L., Zhang, R.-T., Lui, S., Cheung, E. F. C., & Chan, R. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.070 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Anhedonia of Patients with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder is Attributed to Personality-Related Factors Rather than to State-Dependent Clinical Symptoms
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Exploring the Role of Social Anhedonia in the Positive and Negative Dimensions of Schizotypy in a Non-Clinical Sample
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Anhedonia in adolescents at transdiagnostic familial risk for severe mental illness: Clustering by symptoms and mechanisms of association with behavior
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Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the French Version of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale
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“Although treatments often focused more on positive symptoms than negative Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 1 July 2017 | Volume 8 | Article 1296 ones, anhedonia has been shown to have a great impact on social functioning (Buchanan, 2007; Blanchard et al., 2011).”
Background
Attentional control mediates the relationship between social anhedonia and social impairment
Tully, L. M., Lincoln, S. H., & Hooker, C. I. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01384 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…a strong theoretical foundation based on prior research demonstrating that SA predicts social impairment (Katsanis et al., 1992; Cohen et al., 2006; Blanchard et al., 2011) and that SA can be partially characterized by attentional control deficits (Giraldez et al., 2000; Barrantes-Vidal et al.,…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Classification of social anhedonia using temporal and spatial network features from a social cognition fMRI task
Krohne, L. G., Wang, Y., Hinrich, J. L., Mørup, M., Chan, R. C. K., & Madsen, K. H. (2019) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24751 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Furthermore, longitudinal studies have shown that subjects with a high level of social anhedonia (reduced pleasure experience in social contexts) are more likely to develop schizophrenia-spectrum disorders later on, compared to control groups or high scorers on positive schizotypy (measured by perceptual aberration sc…”
Background
The prevalence and severity of loneliness and deficits in perceived social support among who have received a ‘personality disorder’ diagnosis or have relevant traits: a systematic review
Ikhtabi, S., Pitman, A., Maconick, L. C., Pearce, E., Dale, O., Rowe, S. L., & Johnson, S. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05471-8 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…evaluation list (ISEL) and the social support questionnaire was found to be negatively correlated with ‘schizoid/schizotypal’ and ‘paranoid personality disorder’, with correlation coefficients rang - ing from -.37 to -.50 ( p .005), in one study [84], and –.18 to -.29, in another study [85].”
BackgroundResult
Childhood trauma is associated with social anhedonia and brain gray matter volume differences in healthy subjects
Fan, J., Liu, W., Xia, J., Gao, F., Meng, C., Han, Y., Zhou, H., Yi, J., Tan, C., & Zhu, X. (2022) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-022-00666-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“, 2001) and it predicts later onset of these disorders (Atherton et al. 2015; Blanchard et al., 2011).”
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Solitude and schizophrenia
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Measuring Anhedonia in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Selective Update
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Self-citation
Association of Multidimensional Schizotypy with PID-5 Domains and Facets
Kemp, K. C., Kaczorowski, J. A., Burgin, C. J., Raulin, M. L., Lynam, D. R., Sleep, C. E., Miller, J. D., Barrantes‐Vidal, N., & Kwapil, T. R. (2022) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2022.36.6.680 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Revisiting the blurry boundaries of schizophrenia: Spectrum disorders in psychometrically identified schizotypes
Bolinskey, P. K., James, A. V., Cooper-Bolinskey, D., Novi, J. H., Hunter, H. K., Hudak, D. V., Schuder, K. M., Myers, K. R., Iati, C. A., & Lenzenweger, M. F. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.015 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Schizotypy can be identi ﬁ ed clinically, which entails the assessment of psychiatric schizotypic psychopathology (Gooding et al., 2005; Lenzenweger, 2006).”
Influential
Humour processing deficits in individuals with social anhedonia
Liu, B.-H., Huang, J., Shan, H., Liu, Y., Lui, S. S. Y., Cheung, E. F. C., Yue, X., & Chan, R. C. K. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.04.005 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Examining Personality, Interpersonal, and Symptom Correlates of Social Anhedonia in Early Adolescent Males and Females
Goldstein, B. L., Mumper, E. E., Behari, K., Gooding, D. C., & Klein, D. N. (2020) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431620968888 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In addition, based on the large literature demonstrating a relationship between social anhedonia and psychosis/schizotypal traits (e.g., J. J. Blanchard et al., 2009; J. L. Blanchard et al., 2001), we might have expected that social anhedonia would also have a unique association with CBCL thought…”
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Social Withdrawal Among Individuals Receiving Psychiatric Care: Derivation of a Scale Using Routine Clinical Assessment Data to Support Screening and Outcome Measurement
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Depression and leisure-based meaning-making: anhedonia as a mediating factor
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“However, anhedonia has also been identified as a predictor of social functioning (Blanchard et al., 2011; Tan et al., 2020).”
Background

Social anhedonia and schizotypy in a community sample: the maryland longitudinal study of schizotypy. Schizophr
Blanchard, J. J., Collins, L., Aghevli, M., Leung, W. W.-M., & Cohen, A. S. (2011)
Self-citation
Social anhedonia and clinical outcomes in early adulthood: A three-year follow-up study within a community sample
Cohen, A. S., Couture, S. M., & Blanchard, J. J. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.07.024 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social anhedonia and schizotypy: The contribution of individual differences in affective traits, stress, and coping
Horan, W. P., Brown, S. A., & Blanchard, J. J. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.06.002 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citation
Behavioral Indicators of Schizotypy in the Biological Parents of Social Anhedonics: A Preliminary Examination of the Familiality of Schizotypal Signs
Collins, L. M. (2005) · University Libraries (University of Maryland)
Self-citation
Individuals with psychometric schizotypy show similar social but not physical anhedonia to patients with schizophrenia
Wang, Y., Lui, S. S. Y., Zou, L., Zhang, Q., Zhao, Q., Yan, C., Hong, X., Tan, S., Cheung, E. F. C., & Chan, R. C. K. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.02.017 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Authors: Blanchard, J. J., Collins, L. M., Aghevli, M., Leung, W. W., & Cohen, A. S.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, College Park (US)
Baltimore VA Medical Center (US)
Louisiana State University (US)
ORCID: Blanchard, J. J.
Cohen, A. S.
Venue: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2009-10-22
Volume: 37
Issue: 3
Pages: 587-602
ISSN: 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
1745-1701
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbp107
PMC: PMC3080671
OpenAlex: W2104111165
Cited by: 187
References: 114
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 4.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH051240, K02MH079231, R01MH51240)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Keywords: social anhedonia, schizotypy
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Affect, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Maryland, Psychometrics, Risk Factors, Sampling Studies, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Social Perception, Social Support, Case-Control Studies, Mood Disorders, Family Conflict

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Social anhedonia and schizotypy in a community sample: the Maryland longitudinal study of schizotypy

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