Cited by 367Language Development and DisordersNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismMultilingual Education and Policy

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The measure matters: Language dominance profiles across measures in Spanish–English bilingual children

Open access
BEDORE, LISA M., PEÑA, ELIZABETH D., SUMMERS, CONNIE L., BOERGER, KARIN M., RESENDIZ, MARIA D., GREENE, KAI, BOHMAN, THOMAS M., GILLAM, RONALD B.·2012·Bilingualism: Language and Cognition

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine if different language measures resulted in the same classifications of language dominance and proficiency for a group of bilingual pre-kindergarteners and kindergarteners. Data were analyzed for 1029 Spanish-English bilingual pre-kindergarteners who spanned the full range of bilingual language proficiency. Parent questionnaires were used to quantify age of first exposure and current language use. Scores from a short test of semantic and morphosyntactic development in Spanish and English were used to quantify children's performance. Some children who were in the functionally monolingual range based on interview data demonstrated minimal knowledge of their other languages when tested. Current use accounted for more of the variance in language dominance than did age of first exposure. Results indicate that at different levels of language exposure children differed in their performance on semantic and morphosyntax tasks. These patterns suggest that it may be difficult to compare the results of studies that employ different measures of language dominance and proficiency. Current use is likely to be a useful metric of bilingual development that can be used to build a comprehensive picture of child bilingualism.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1017/s1366728912000090

Cites

72 of 72 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 72 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. 2007, English language proficiency standards and Resource Guide, Pre-Kindergarten–Grade 12
  2. Jackson-Maldonado, 2003, El Inventario del Desarrollo de Habilidades Comunicativas: User's guide and technical manual
  3. Dalton, 1991, The IDEA Oral Language Proficiency Tests
  4. Alvarado, 2005, Woodcock–Muñoz Language Survey – Revised
  5. 10.2307/1131250 · DOI
  6. DeAvila, 1990, Language Assessment Scales oral technical report

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 367

Metadata

Authors
BEDORE, L. M., PEÑA, E. D., SUMMERS, C. L., BOERGER, K. M., RESENDIZ, M. D., GREENE, K., BOHMAN, T. M., & GILLAM, R. B.
Affiliations
  • The University of Texas at Austin (US)
  • The University of Texas at El Paso (US)
  • Utah State University (US)
Corresponding author
BEDORE, LISA M.
Venue
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition
Published
2012-03-20
Volume
15
Issue
3
Pages
616-629
ISSN
  • 1366-7289 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-1841
OpenAlex
W2027266261
Cited by
365
References
72
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 3
FWCI
31.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Bilingualism Language and Cognition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC007439)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
  • Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Multilingual Education and Policy
Keywords
language dominance, Spanish-English bilingual children, age of first exposure, semantic development, morphosyntactic development, language measures, bilingual language acquisition, preschool children

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review