Determinants of inadequate complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in Ghana
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To explore complementary feeding practices and identify potential risk factors associated with inadequate complementary feeding practices in Ghana by using the newly developed WHO infant feeding indicators and data from the nationally representative 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Design: The source of data for the analysis was the 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Analysis of the factors associated with inadequate complementary feeding, using individual-, household- and community-level determinants, was done by performing multiple logistic regression modelling. Setting: Ghana. Subjects: Children (n 822) aged 6–23 months. Results: The prevalence of the introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods among infants aged 6–8 months was 72·6 % (95 % CI 64·6 %, 79·3 %). The proportion of children aged 6–23 months who met the minimum meal frequency and dietary diversity for breast-fed and non-breast-fed children was 46·0 % (95 % CI 42·3 %, 49·9 %) and 51·4 % (95 % CI 47·4 %, 55·3 %) respectively and the prevalence of minimum acceptable diet for breast-fed children was 29·9 % (95 % CI 26·1 %, 34·1 %). Multivariate analysis revealed that children from the other administrative regions were less likely to meet minimum dietary diversity, meal frequency and acceptable diet than those from the Volta region. Household poverty, children whose mothers perceived their size to be smaller than average and children who were delivered at home were significantly less likely to meet the minimum dietary diversity requirement; and children whose mothers did not have any postnatal check-ups were significantly less likely to meet the requirement for minimum acceptable diet. Complementary feeding was significantly lower in infants from illiterate mothers (adjusted OR=3·55; 95 % CI 1·05, 12·02). Conclusions: The prevalence of complementary feeding among children in Ghana is still below the WHO-recommended standard of 90 % coverage. Non-attendance of postnatal check-up by mothers, cultural beliefs and habits, household poverty, home delivery of babies and non-Christian mothers were the most important risk factors for inadequate complementary feeding practices. Therefore, nutrition educational interventions to improve complementary feeding practices should target these factors in order to achieve the fourth Millennium Development Goal.
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Food safety is a universal precondition necessary for the achievement of good complementary feeding outcomes for children 6-23 months of age.
“Food safety is a universal precondition necessary for the achievement of good complementary feeding outcomes for children 6 -23 months of age [3].”
From Effect of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Mothers of Children under 5 Years in the Peri-Urban Areas of Bobo-Dioulasso: Before and after Study (2024) · cites this paper as [3]
The Abstract (page unavailable) reports a WHO recommendation that infants receive complementary foods that are “nutritionally safe and adequate.” This supports including safety in appropriate complementary feeding, but the paper does not establish food safety as a universal precondition for good outcomes; its feeding indicators focus on timing, diversity and frequency. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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“Food safety is a universal precondition necessary for the achievement of good complementary feeding outcomes among children 6– 23 months of age (Issaka et al., 2014).”
BackgroundHien, A., Somé, J. W., Sombié, O. O., Traoré, I., Zeba, A. N., Ouedraogo, G. A., & Meda, R. N.-T. (2024) · Food and Nutrition Sciences · doi:10.4236/fns.2024.155027 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Issaka, A. I., Agho, K. E., Burns, P., Page, A., & Dibley, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Issaka, Abukari I
- Venue
- Public Health Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2014-05-20
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 669-678
- ISSN
- 1368-9800 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2727
- PMC
- PMC10271301
- OpenAlex
- W2100653737
- Semantic Scholar
- 16f0c0e362193c43ddc1c5220c9d29869321b69a
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 3.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
- Locations
- Public Health Nutrition (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Western Sydney
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Keywords
- complementary feeding, infant and young child feeding, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, minimum acceptable diet, household poverty, home delivery, postpartum follow-up, maternal education, maternal beliefs, breastfeeding, Ghana
- MeSH terms
- Bottle Feeding, Breast Feeding, Cultural Characteristics, Diet, Educational Status, Feeding Behavior, Ghana, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Infant Care, Infant Food, Mothers, Nutritional Requirements, Socioeconomic Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models
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