The Child-care Food and Activity Practices Questionnaire (CFAPQ): Development and first validation steps
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OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a questionnaire to measure food-related and activity-related practices of child-care staff, based on existing, validated parenting practices questionnaires. DESIGN: A selection of items from the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) and the Preschooler Physical Activity Parenting Practices (PPAPP) questionnaire was made to include items most suitable for the child-care setting. The converted questionnaire was pre-tested among child-care staff during cognitive interviews and pilot-tested among a larger sample of child-care staff. Factor analyses with Varimax rotation and internal consistencies were used to examine the scales. Spearman correlations, t tests and ANOVA were used to examine associations between the scales and staff's background characteristics (e.g. years of experience, gender). SETTING: Child-care centres in the Netherlands. SUBJECTS: The qualitative pre-test included ten child-care staff members. The quantitative pilot test included 178 child-care staff members. RESULTS: The new questionnaire, the Child-care Food and Activity Practices Questionnaire (CFAPQ), consists of sixty-three items (forty food-related and twenty-three activity-related items), divided over twelve scales (seven food-related and five activity-related scales). The CFAPQ scales are to a large extent similar to the original CFPQ and PPAPP scales. The CFAPQ scales show sufficient internal consistency with Cronbach's α ranging between 0·53 and 0·96, and average corrected item-total correlations within acceptable ranges (0·30-0·89). Several of the scales were significantly associated with child-care staff's background characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Scale psychometrics of the CFAPQ indicate it is a valid questionnaire that assesses child-care staff's practices related to both food and activities.
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The practices questionnaire is based on previous work by Gevers et al. and O'Connor et al., and the existing questionnaires were used in several previous Dutch studies.
“A questionnaire, based on previous work by Gevers et al. [39] and O’Connor et al. [40], is used to examine HP practices of teachers at school and parents at home, e.g., rules, modelling behaviour, encouragement, and availability. The existing questionnaires were used in several previous Dutch studies [41,42].”
From The Healthy Primary School of the Future: A Contextual Action-Oriented Research Approach (2018) · cites this paper as [42]
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The Healthy Primary School of the Future: A Contextual Action-Oriented Research Approach
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- Authors
- Gubbels, J. S., Sleddens, E. F., Raaijmakers, L. C., Gies, J. M., & Kremers, S. P.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Gubbels, Jessica S
- Venue
- Public Health Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-12-04
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1964-1975
- ISSN
- 1368-9800 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2727
- PMC
- PMC4990721
- OpenAlex
- W2181408712
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 2.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Public Health Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (016.145.091)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Keywords
- child care staff, feeding practices, physical activity practice, questionnaire development, psychometric validation, daycare centers, parenting practices, preschool children
- MeSH terms
- Workforce, Adolescent, Adult, Child Day Care Centers, Child, Preschool, Diet, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Pilot Projects, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Exercise, Parenting, Young Adult
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