Reflections on the next ten years of research, policy and implementation in global mental health
Open accessAbstract
Since the World Health Report 2001 focused on mental health for the first time, the field of global mental health has seen unprecedented growth in policy commitments and research. Yet many challenges remain, including a lack of substantial new financial investments from governments, ongoing human rights abuses suffered by people living with mental illness, weak health systems in low resource settings and large gaps in our knowledge regarding aetiology, prevention of mental illness and mental health promotion. Stark inequalities persist between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) in research knowledge and service resources. This editorial sets out to reflect on progress to date, and suggest priorities and possible future trends for research, policy and service implementation, especially in LMIC.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In LMICs, as in much of the world, mental health is consistently relegated to a secondary or even tertiary concern.
“In LMICs, as in much of the world, mental health is consistently relegated to a secondary or even tertiary concern [1, 100, 101]”
From Barriers and facilitators to implementation of evidence-based task-sharing mental health interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review using implementation science frameworks (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
The passage on policy commitments reports that most LMICs have not substantially increased mental-health funding and that development assistance remains very small. This supports the claim that mental health receives low practical priority in LMICs, but the paper does not establish that it is consistently a secondary or tertiary concern across much of the world. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development
Patel, V., Saxena, S., Lund, C., Thornicroft, G., Baingana, F., Bolton, P., Chisholm, D., Collins, P. Y., Cooper, J. L., Eaton, J., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31612-x · Cited by 3,692 · see citing works
Self-citationGrand challenges in global mental health
Collins, P. Y., Patel, V., Joestl, S. S., March, D., Insel, T. R., Daar, A. S., Bordin, I. A., Costello, E. J., Durkin, M., Fairburn, C., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/475027a · Cited by 2,043 · see citing works
Scaling-up treatment of depression and anxiety: a global return on investment analysis
Chisholm, D., Sweeny, K., Sheehan, P., Rasmussen, B., Smit, F., Cuijpers, P., & Saxena, S. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30024-4 · Cited by 1,451 · see citing works
Lund, C., Brooke-Sumner, C., Baingana, F., Baron, E. C., Breuer, E., Chandra, P., Haushofer, J., Herrman, H., Jordans, M., Kieling, C., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30060-9 · Cited by 1,147 · see citing works
Self-citationConvention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Nations, U. (2009) · Jahrbuch für Wissenschaft und Ethik · doi:10.1515/9783110208856.203 · Cited by 849 · see citing works
Scale up services for mental disorders: a call for action
(2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61242-2 · Cited by 835 · see citing works
Naslund, J. A., Aschbrenner, K. A., Araya, R., Marsch, L. A., Unützer, J., Patel, V., & Bartels, S. J. (2017) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30096-2 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Patel, V., Burns, J. K., Dhingra, M., Tarver, L., Kohrt, B. A., & Lund, C. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20492 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Self-citationRange: Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World
Lin, K. (2020) · Family Medicine · doi:10.22454/fammed.2020.358948 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Range: Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World
Epstein, D. (2024) · NEXUS The Liberty Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies · doi:10.70623/qkqa6589 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
‘Global mental health’: systematic review of the term and its implicit priorities
Misra, S., Stevenson, A., Haroz, E. E., de Menil, V. P., & Koenen, K. C. (2019) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2019.39 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Patel V, Chisholm D, Dua T, Laxminarayan R and Medina Mora ME (2016) Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders. Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edn. Washington, DC: World Bank Group. 27227198
- WHO (2008) Mental Health Gap Action Programme: Scaling up Care for Mental, Neurological and Substance use Disorders. Geneva: WHO. 26290926
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Le, P. D., Eschliman, E. L., Grivel, M. M., Tang, J., Cho, Y. G., Yang, X., Tay, C., Li, T., Bass, J., & Yang, L. H. (2022) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01179-z · Cited by 233 · see citing works
“In LMICs, as in much of the world, mental health is consistently relegated to a secondary or even tertiary concern [1, 100, 101], and governmental-level forces and policies that perpetuate this lack of parity have exerted pervasive negative impact on resources allotted to mental healthcare and the individual lives of…”
BackgroundGlobal Mental Health: Interdisciplinary challenges for a field in motion
Bemme, D., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2020) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461519898035 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Fan, L., Xia, F., Zhou, Y., Wang, H., Feng, L., Xie, S., Xu, W., Xie, Z., He, J., et al. (2024) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-024-00513-1 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Reece, R., Bray, I., Sinnett, D., Hayward, R., & Martin, F. (2021) · Journal of Public Mental Health · doi:10.1108/jpmh-02-2021-0030 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Scherbakov, D., Hubig, N., Lenert, L. A., Alekseyenko, A. V., & Obeid, J. S. (2024) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/67192 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Petersen Williams, P., Brooke-Sumner, C., Joska, J., Kruger, J., Vanleeuw, L., Dada, S., Sorsdahl, K., & Myers, B. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072249 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Nguyen, A. J., Russell, T., Skavenski, S. V. W., Bogdanov, S., Lomakina, K., Іванюк, І. В., Aldridge, L. R., Bolton, P. A., Murray, L. K., & Bass, J. (2023) · Global Health Science and Practice · doi:10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00488 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Meteliuk, A., de Leon, S. J. G., Fomenko, T., Kalandiia, H., Iaryi, V., Farnum, S. O., Islam, Z., Altice, F. L., & Madden, L. M. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108619 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Global mental health: good news, bad news and responsibilities for the future
Barbui, C., & Albanese, E. (2019) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796019000738 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Choudhury, A. R., & Plemmons, A. (2023) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104846 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gender (in)equity in global mental health research: A call to action
Rose‐Clarke, K. (2023) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13634615231180376 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
McEvoy, P. M., Horgan, B., Eadon, O. L., Yong, M. J., Soraine, J., & Chiu, V. (2022) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674221125597 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Whitehorne-Smith, P., Lalwani, K., Mitchell, G., Martin, R., Milbourn, B. T., Abel, W., & Burns, S. K. (2024) · Discover Health Systems · doi:10.1007/s44250-024-00093-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Li, X., Zhong, Y., Li, Q., Su, X., & Sun, L. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01331-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Getting psyched up: Developing the field of Sport and Exercise Psychiatry in South Africa
Burger, J. W., & Mafuze, B. (2023) · South African Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.17159/2078-516x/2023/v35i1a16352 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kleinschmitt, A. (2024) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13634615231187255 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Making the Natural Personal: Discussing the Scale Problem in Ecopsychology
Berrett, T. (2025) · Ecopsychology · doi:10.1177/19429347251404441 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Perspectiva de la salud integral como principio para comprender la salud mental
Khalil, S. R. M., & Barrero, M. J. O. (2021) · Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia eBooks · doi:10.22490/9789586517775.1.4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mental health and disability research in Ghana: a rapid review
Mwangi, G., Sakyi, L., Ae-Ngibise, K. A., Lund, C., & Weobong, B. (2023) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.2023.45.166.38808 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationWard, T., Alem, A., Jamieson-Craig, T., Deb, K. S., Devi, S. R. L., Fekadu, A., Gumley, A. I., Hanlon, C., Kelly, R. E., Manyazewal, T., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.04.21.26348779 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wormald, A., Summerville, S., McGinley, M., Davoren, N., & Fortune, D. G. (2021) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13686
Disconnected from complexity: on nature exposure, sociality, and the self-organizing self
Berrett, T. (2025) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2025.101182
What Is This Book About? Principles and Practice of Psychosocial Interventions
Vindhya, U. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6553-2_1
- Authors
- Lund, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Lund, Crick
- ORCID
- Lund, Crick
- Venue
- Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2019-11-19
- Volume
- 29
- Pages
- e77-e77
- ISSN
- 2045-7960 (ISSN-L)
- 2045-7979
- PMC
- PMC8061148
- OpenAlex
- W2990811159
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Health and Surgery
- Keywords
- global mental health, mental health policy, mental health research priorities, low- and middle-income countries, human rights of people with mental illness, mental illness prevention, research inequality
- MeSH terms
- Forecasting, Health Policy, Humans, Mental Health, Research, Global Health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review