Digital technology for treating and preventing mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries: A narrative review of the literature
Open accessAbstract
Few individuals living with mental disorders around the globe have access to mental health care, yet most have access to a mobile phone. Digital technology holds promise for improving access to, and quality of, mental health care. We reviewed evidence on the use of mobile, online, and other remote technologies for treatment and prevention of mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries. Of the 49 studies identified, most were preliminary evaluations of feasibility and acceptability. The findings were promising, showing the potential effectiveness of online, text-messaging, and telephone support interventions. We summarised the evaluations as: technology for supporting clinical care and educating health workers, mobile tools for facilitating diagnosis and detection of mental disorders, technologies for promoting treatment adherence and supporting recovery, online self-help programmes for individuals with mental disorders, and programmes for substance misuse prevention and treatment. Continued research is needed to rigorously evaluate effectiveness, assess costs, and carefully consider potential risks of digital technology interventions for mental disorders, while determining how emerging technologies might support the scale-up of mental health treatment and prevention efforts across low-resource settings.
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Technology is increasingly providing new possibilities for delivering a range of interventions in LMICs.
“technology is increasingly providing new possibilities for delivering a range of interventions [83]”
From Brief interventions for alcohol use disorders in low- and middle-income countries: barriers and potential solutions (2022) · cites this paper as [83]
The majority of research on mobile health technology has focused on client-facing rather than provider-facing applications.
“The majority of research on mobile health technology has focused on client-facing rather than provider-facing applications (Naslund et al., 2017).”
From Mobile technology and task shifting to improve access to alcohol treatment services in Mozambique (2022) · cites this paper as Naslund et al., 2017
Use of digital technologies for mental health is not as common in most lower income countries, though interest and growth have increased in recent years.
“Use of digital technologies for mental health is not as common in most lower income countries18, though this has been an important area of increasing interest and growth in recent years.19,20”
From Digital Technology for Building Capacity of Nonspecialist Health Workers for Task Sharing and Scaling Up Mental Health Care Globally (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
Increasing use of the internet and digital platforms provides significant opportunities to address unmet mental health needs.
“Increasing use of the internet and digital platforms in this decade provide significant opportunities to address a population’s unmet mental health needs. 12”
From Technology-Based Interventions to Improve Help-Seeking for Mental Health Concerns: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
Ecological momentary assessment can enable the collection and integration of multimodal data passively, continuously, and objectively and may be useful in assessing how depressive symptoms, including suicidal thoughts and behaviors, unfold in real-world contexts.
“Ecological momentary assessment can enable the collection and integration of multimodal data passively, continuously, and objectively and may be useful in assessing how depressive symptoms, including suicidal thoughts and behaviors, unfold in real-world contexts.”
From Digital health technologies and major depressive disorder (2023) · cites this paper as [136]
Previous reviews have found virtually no studies on Internet-based solutions in Latin America that can be scaled up in real health-care contexts.
“Previous reviews have found virtually no studies on Internet-based solutions in Latin America that can be scaled up in real health-care contexts (15–17).”
From Internet-Based Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders in Latin America: A Scoping Review (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
The accumulating evidence shows promising results but with important challenges that are not different to those found elsewhere in the world.
“The accumulating evidence shows promising results but with important challenges that are not different to those found elsewhere in the world (11–16).”
From Internet-Based Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders in Latin America: A Scoping Review (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
Among the issues that remain to be resolved for scaling up these technologies is the relative lack of studies showing effectiveness of Internet-based interventions for mental disorders in LMICs.
“Among these, the relative lack of studies showing effectiveness of Internet-based interventions for mental disorders in LMICs (15, 16).”
From Internet-Based Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders in Latin America: A Scoping Review (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
High attrition in Internet-based interventions where there is none or low-intensity coach/therapist support is a problem in Latin America as well as in developed countries.
“High attrition in Internet-based interventions where there is none or low-intensity coach/therapist support is a problem in Latin America as well as in developed countries (11, 15).”
From Internet-Based Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders in Latin America: A Scoping Review (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
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Self-citationGlobal mental health and COVID-19
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Self-citationMachine learning and digital biomarkers can detect early stages of neurodegenerative diseases
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Self-citationFrom Treatment to Healing:Envisioning a Decolonial Digital Mental Health
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“A recent review of digital technology for treating and preventing mental health problems in LMICs identified 49 studies, including only four studies with adolescents or youth (7).”
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“Gaps in access to and use of digital technologies remain in many settings, especially among women compared to men, and among those who are most impoverished [22].”
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Self-citationEconomic evaluation and costs of telepsychiatry programmes: A systematic review
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Self-citationClosing the treatment gap for alcohol use disorders in low- and middle-income countries
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Digital health technologies and major depressive disorder
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“This is true for LMICs as well, where technology is increasingly providing new possibilities for delivering a range of interventions [83].”
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“The implementation of internetbased prevention and early intervention programs represents a strategic opportunity to reduce gaps in mental healthcare for people in developing countries in a cost-effective way [23,29,30].”
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Reflections on the next ten years of research, policy and implementation in global mental health
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Remote Assessment of Depression Using Digital Biomarkers From Cognitive Tasks
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- Authors
- Naslund, J. A., Aschbrenner, K. A., Araya, R., Marsch, L. A., Unützer, J., Patel, V., & Bartels, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Naslund, John A
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 486-500
- ISSN
- 2215-0366 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5523650
- OpenAlex
- W2606858293
- Cited by
- 638
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 91 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cooperative agreement number, U48 DP005018)
- Additional funding was received from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH104555)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P30 DA029926)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U19 MH109988-01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- digital mental health interventions, mental illness, low- and middle-income countries, mobile health, text messaging, telephone support, access to mental health care, medication adherence, substance misuse prevention, psychiatric diagnosis, recovery support, feasibility and acceptability
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Community Health Workers, Delivery of Health Care, Developing Countries, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Income, Male, Poverty, Cell Phone, Text Messaging
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