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Cited by 285Mental Health Treatment and AccessChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A growing need for youth mental health services in Canada: examining trends in youth mental health from 2011 to 2018

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Wiens, K., Bhattarai, A., Pedram, P., Dores, A., Williams, J., Bulloch, A., Patten, S.·2020·Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
DOI 10.1017/s2045796020000281PMC PMC7214527
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Abstract

Aims: The mental health of youth is continually changing and requires reliable monitoring to ensure that adequate social and economic resources are allocated. This study assessed trends in mental health among Canadian youth, 12–24 years old. Specifically, we examined the prevalence of poor/fair perceived mental health, diagnosis of mood and anxiety disorders, suicidality, perceived stress and sleep problems, substance use, and mental health consultations. Methods: Data were collected from eight cycles of the annual Canadian Community Health Survey (2011–2018). Prevalence of mental health outcomes was calculated from each survey, and meta-regression was used to assess trends over time. In the absence of a significant trend over time, the eight cycles were pooled together using meta-analysis techniques to gain precision. Trends in prevalence were assessed for the overall sample of youth (12–24 years) and separately for male and female adolescents (12–18 years) and young adults (19–24 years). Results: The prevalence of poor/fair perceived mental health, diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders, and past-year mental health consultations increased from 2011 to 2018, most strongly among young adult females. Past-year suicidality increased among young adult females but did not change for other age and sex groups. Notably, the prevalence of binge drinking decreased by 2.4% per year for young adult males, 1.0% for young adult females and 0.7% per year for adolescent males, while staying relatively stable for adolescent females. Prevalence of cannabis use declined among adolescents before legalisation (2011–2017); however, this trend did not persist in 2018. Instead, the 2018 prevalence was 5.6% higher than the 2017 prevalence (16.3 v . 10.7%). The combined prevalence of other illicit drug use was stable at 4.6%; however, cocaine use and hallucinogens increased by approximately 0.2% per year. Conclusions: Our findings highlight a growing need for youth mental health services, as indicated by a rise in the prevalence of diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders and past-year mental health consultations. The reason for these observed increases is less apparent – it may represent a true rise in the prevalence of mental illness, or be an artefact of change in diagnostic practices, mental health literacy or diminishing stigma. Nonetheless, the findings indicate a need for the health care system to respond to the rising demand for mental health services among youth.

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Crossref · 10.1017/s2045796020000281

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Fig. 1. Prevalence of perceived poor/fair mental health among youth 12–24 years old, stratified by age and sex groups.
Fig. 1. Prevalence of perceived poor/fair mental health among youth 12–24 years old, stratified by age and sex groups.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 2. Prevalence of professionally diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders and past year prevalence of mental health consultations among youth 12–24 years old, stratified by age and sex groups.
Fig. 2. Prevalence of professionally diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders and past year prevalence of mental health consultations among youth 12–24 years old, stratified by age and sex groups.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 3. Past year prevalence of suicidality among youth 12–24 years old, stratified by age and sex groups.
Fig. 3. Past year prevalence of suicidality among youth 12–24 years old, stratified by age and sex groups.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 4. Past year prevalence of binge drinking among youth 12–24 years old, stratified by age and sex groups.
Fig. 4. Past year prevalence of binge drinking among youth 12–24 years old, stratified by age and sex groups.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 5. Past year prevalence of cannabis use and other illicit drug use among youth 12–24 years old, stratified by age and sex groups.
Fig. 5. Past year prevalence of cannabis use and other illicit drug use among youth 12–24 years old, stratified by age and sex groups.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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  1. 2017, Stata Statistical Software: Release 15
  2. 10.1177/070674371305800809 · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Wiens, K., Bhattarai, A., Pedram, P., Dores, A., Williams, J., Bulloch, A., & Patten, S.
Affiliations
University of Calgary (CA)
Corresponding author
Wiens, K.
ORCID
Venue
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2020
Volume
29
Pages
e115-e115
ISSN
  • 2045-7960 (ISSN-L)
  • 2045-7979
DOI
10.1017/s2045796020000281
PMC
PMC7214527
OpenAlex
W3016794806
Cited by
285
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 33 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 2
FWCI
31.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research
  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords
youth mental health, mental health trends, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, suicidality, perceived stress, sleep disorders, substance use, binge drinking, cannabis use, illicit drug use, mental health consultation, adolescents, young adults, sex differences, mental health services, Canadian Community Health Survey, diagnostic practices, mental health literacy, stigma, cannabis legalization, cocaine use, hallucinogens, Canada
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Canada, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Mental Health Services, Population Surveillance, Suicide, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult

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