The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Determination of Estrogens in Sludge and Sediments by Liquid Extraction and GC/MS/MS
Abstract
Two methods have been developed that enable the determination of estrogens down to 2 ng/g in digested and activated sludge from domestic sewage treatment plants (STPs) and down to 0.2 ng/g in freshwater sediments. The method for sludge analysis consists of solvent extraction; a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) cleanup step, a 1 g silica gel column; and finally, detection by GC-ion trap MS/MS of the silylated estrogens with MSTFA. For sediments, the solvent extraction was successively followed by silica gel cleanup, solid phase enrichment (SPE), and a HPLC cleanup before derivatization and GC/MS/MS detection. Mean recoveries of the estrogens mainly exceeded 70% in sludge and 90% in sediments. In activated and digested sewage sludge, estrone and 17beta-estradiol were detected up to 37 ng/g and 49 ng/g, respectively, and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol up to 17 ng/g. The occurrence of estrogens in digested sludge indicates that estrogens can be persistent during sludge digestion. In river sediments, estrone and 17beta-estradiol were detected up to 2 ng/g (estrone), and the contraceptive 17alpha-ethinylestradiol was found with a maximum of 0.9 ng/g. Mestranol, a prodrug for 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, was not detected either in sludge or in sediments.
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Analytical Methods for Detection of Selected Estrogenic Compounds in Aqueous Mixtures
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Estrogen and estrogen mimics contamination in water and the role of sewage treatment
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Harmful cyanobacterial toxic blooms in waste stabilisation ponds
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Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals
Fent, K., Weston, A. A., & Caminada, D. (2006) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.009 · Cited by 3,223
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Joss, A., Zabczynski, S., Göbel, A., Hoffmann, B., Löffler, D., McArdell, C. S., Ternes, T. A., Thomsen, A., & Siegrist, H. (2006) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2006.02.014 · Cited by 1,159
Self-citationFate, Transport, and Biodegradation of Natural Estrogens in the Environment and Engineered Systems
Khanal, S. K., Xie, B., Thompson, M. L., Sung, S., Ong, S.-K., & van Leeuwen, J. (. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0607739 · Cited by 477
Occurrence and Fate of Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment
Monteiro, S. C., & Boxall, A. B. A. (2010) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1157-5_2 · Cited by 451
Metadata
- Authors
- Ternes, T. A., Andersen, H., Gilberg, D., & Bonerz, M.
- Venue
- Analytical Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2002-05-24
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 3498-3504
- ISSN
- 0003-2700 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6882
- OpenAlex
- W2062802627
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 12.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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