A review on emerging contaminants in wastewaters and the environment: Current knowledge, understudied areas and recommendations for future monitoring
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This review identifies understudied areas of emerging contaminant (EC) research in wastewaters and the environment, and recommends direction for future monitoring. Non-regulated trace organic ECs including pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and personal care products are focused on due to ongoing policy initiatives and the expectant broadening of environmental legislation. These ECs are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, mainly derived from the discharge of municipal wastewater effluents. Their presence is of concern due to the possible ecological impact (e.g., endocrine disruption) to biota within the environment. To better understand their fate in wastewaters and in the environment, a standardised approach to sampling is needed. This ensures representative data is attained and facilitates a better understanding of spatial and temporal trends of EC occurrence. During wastewater treatment, there is a lack of suspended particulate matter analysis due to further preparation requirements and a lack of good analytical approaches. This results in the under-reporting of several ECs entering wastewater treatment works (WwTWs) and the aquatic environment. Also, sludge can act as a concentrating medium for some chemicals during wastewater treatment. The majority of treated sludge is applied directly to agricultural land without analysis for ECs. As a result there is a paucity of information on the fate of ECs in soils and consequently, there has been no driver to investigate the toxicity to exposed terrestrial organisms. Therefore a more holistic approach to environmental monitoring is required, such that the fate and impact of ECs in all exposed environmental compartments are studied. The traditional analytical approach of applying targeted screening with low resolution mass spectrometry (e.g., triple quadrupoles) results in numerous chemicals such as transformation products going undetected. These can exhibit similar toxicity to the parent EC, demonstrating the necessity of using an integrated analytical approach which compliments targeted and non-targeted screening with biological assays to measure ecological impact. With respect to current toxicity testing protocols, failure to consider the enantiomeric distribution of chiral compounds found in the environment, and the possible toxicological differences between enantiomers is concerning. Such information is essential for the development of more accurate environmental risk assessment.
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Pollution of water resources by various organic chemicals is a growing crisis worldwide.
“Pollution of water resources by various organic chemicals has been identified as a growing crisis all over the world.”
From Advanced Oxidation Processes for Degradation of Water Pollutants—Ambivalent Impact of Carbonate Species: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [1]
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports more than 200 pharmaceuticals in river waters globally and describes widespread emerging contaminants as a concern because of their potential ecological effects. It does not establish that pollution is increasing or characterize it as a worldwide crisis. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Petrie, B., Barden, R., & Kasprzyk-Hordern, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Bath (GB)
- Venue
- Water Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 72
- Pages
- 3-27
- ISSN
- 0043-1354 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037977783
- Cited by
- 2,614
- References
- 163
- Citations by year
- 2026: 133 · 2025: 180 · 2024: 208 · 2023: 199 · 2022: 311 · 2021: 369 · 2020: 340 · 2019: 271 · 2018: 220 · 2017: 219 · 2016: 126 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 89.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Water Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wessex Water and the University of Bath's EPSRC (EP/K503897/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Keywords
- emerging contaminants, wastewater, pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, personal care products, municipal wastewater effluent, wastewater treatment plants, sewage sludge, agricultural land application, degradation intermediates, non-target screening, enantiomers, chiral compounds, endocrine disruption, environmental monitoring, environmental risk assessment, aquatic ecosystems, soil contamination
- MeSH terms
- Environment, Environmental Monitoring, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Pollution, Wastewater
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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