Enhancing tumor penetration of nanomedicines
Open accessAbstract
Tumor-targeted nanomedicines have been extensively applied to alter the drawbacks and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Despite the large number of preclinical nanomedicine studies showing initial success, their therapeutic benefit in the clinic has been rather modest, which is partially due to the inefficient tumor penetration caused by the tumor microenvironment (high density of cells and extracellular matrix, increased interstitial fluid pressure). Furthermore, tumor penetration of nanomedicines is significantly influenced by physicochemical characteristics, such as size, surface chemistry, and shape. The effect of size on tumor penetration has been exploited to design nanomedicines with switchable size to tackle this challenge. Moreover, several pharmacological and physical approaches have been developed to enhance the tumor penetration of nanomedicines, by penetration-promoting ligands, intratumoral drug release, and modulating the tumor microenvironment and vasculature. Overall, these efforts have resulted in nanomedicines with better tumor penetration properties and with enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Future research should be directed to penetration-promoting strategies with broad applicability and with high translational potential.
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Smaller-sized nanoparticles may be preferred to enhance permeability and penetration over large-sized ones.
“Smaller-sized nanoparticles may be preferred to enhance permeability and penetration over large-sized ones [166, 167].”
From Non-viral delivery systems for CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing: challenges and opportunities (2018) · cites this paper as [167]
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He, J., Fu, L.-H., Qi, C., Lin, J., & Huang, P. (2021) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.026 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Shiridokht, F., Kehtari, P., Eskandani, M., Farajollahi, A., & Vandghanooni, S. (2025) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X · doi:10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100419 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sun, Q., Ojha, T., Kiessling, F., Lammers, T., & Shi, Y.
- Affiliations
- Universitätsklinikum Aachen (DE)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Shi, Yang
- Venue
- Biomacromolecules
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-03-31
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1449-1459
- ISSN
- 1525-7797 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-4602
- PMC
- PMC5424079
- OpenAlex
- W2600801958
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 9
- FWCI
- 2.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biomacromolecules (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (La2937/1-2)
- H2020 European Research Council (309495, 642028, 680882)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
- Keywords
- tumor penetration, nanomedicine, tumor microenvironment, interstitial fluid pressure, extracellular matrix, nanoparticle size, surface chemistry, nanoparticle morphology, anticancer drug delivery
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Humans, Neoplasms, Nanomedicine, Nanoparticles, Tumor Microenvironment
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