Magnesia-based cements: a journey of 150 years, and cements for the future?
Open accessAbstract
This review examines the detailed chemical insights that have been generated through 150 years of work worldwide on magnesium-based inorganic cements, with a focus on both scientific and patent literature. Magnesium carbonate, phosphate, silicate-hydrate, and oxysalt (both chloride and sulfate) cements are all assessed. Many such cements are ideally suited to specialist applications in precast construction, road repair, and other fields including nuclear waste immobilization. The majority of MgO-based cements are more costly to produce than Portland cement because of the relatively high cost of reactive sources of MgO and do not have a sufficiently high internal pH to passivate mild steel reinforcing bars. This precludes MgO-based cements from providing a large-scale replacement for Portland cement in the production of steel-reinforced concretes for civil engineering applications, despite the potential for CO2 emissions reductions offered by some such systems. Nonetheless, in uses that do not require steel reinforcement, and in locations where the MgO can be sourced at a competitive price, a detailed understanding of these systems enables their specification, design, and selection as advanced engineering materials with a strongly defined chemical basis.
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MOC cement forms gel phases that contribute to developing a high-compressive strength binder.
“This type of cement is notable for forming gel phases that contribute to developing a high-compressive strength binder [299].”
From A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction (2024) · cites this paper as [299]
While MgO-based cements may find markets in niche applications such as precast concrete, the lack of understanding and higher cost will prevent them from large-scale implementation.
“While MgO-based cements may find markets in niche applications such as precast concrete, the lack of understanding and higher cost will prevent them from large-scale implementation.131”
From Utilization of mineral carbonation products: current state and potential (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
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Gartner, E., & Sui, T. (2018) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.002 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Utilization of mineral carbonation products: current state and potential
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A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction
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Wang, L., Huang, J., Li, G., Luo, J., Bolan, N. S., & Hou, D. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150501 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
- Authors
- Walling, S. A., & Provis, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Venue
- Chemical Reviews
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-03-22
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 4170-4204
- ISSN
- 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6890
- OpenAlex
- W2323425801
- Cited by
- 984
- References
- 300
- Citations by year
- 2026: 133 · 2025: 147 · 2024: 147 · 2023: 128 · 2022: 123 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Chemical Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/G037140/1)
- Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NA)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
- Keywords
- magnesium oxide, magnesium phosphate cement, precast construction, road repair, nuclear waste immobilization, CO2 emission reduction, cement replacement, cement chemistry, patent literature
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