Long-term immobilization of soil metalloids under simulated aging: Experimental and modeling approach
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable natural process, leading to faded performances of soil amendments. Understanding long-term aging features is crucial for the risk management of contaminated soil. In this study, a novel quantitative aging method, namely, the "soil coin" method, was developed, which can simulate the effects of natural aging on metal(loid) immobilization performances. To better depict the aging features, two models on the basis of conditional probability-induced failure were developed. To effectively immobilize soil arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb), magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) oxides were simultaneously introduced to either fresh or pre-oxidized biochar via a facile method. Although post-application aging is harmful, pre-aging (i.e., pre-oxidation using H 2 O 2 ) in turn served as an effective means to introduce more metal oxides, thereby rendering better short-term and long-term effectiveness for metalloid immobilization. Experimental and modeling approaches suggested that precipitation accounted for long-term immobilization, while a constant aging rate is the key feature for a promising soil amendment. It is suggested that to further calibrate this method and better understand the immobilization performances in the long run, more evidence from the field is needed.
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Management of post-remediation biomass presents a challenge even though phytoremediation is generally positioned as an ecofriendly alternative to chemical and physical decontamination.
“Even though phytoremediation is generally positioned as an ecofriendly alternative to chemical and physical decontamination, the management of post-remediation biomass presents a challenge (Wang et al. 2022a).”
From Sustainable management of post-phytoremediation biomass (2025) · cites this paper as Wang et al. 2022a
Engineered biochar can achieve excellent long-term effectiveness, rendering elevated resilience to external environmental changes.
“Finally, engineered biochar can achieve excellent longterm effectiveness, rendering elevated resilience to external environmental changes (Fig. 2e) (Wang et al. 2022d; Zhao et al. 2020).”
From Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality (2023) · cites this paper as Wang et al. 2022d
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- Authors
- Wang, L., Huang, J., Li, G., Luo, J., Bolan, N. S., & Hou, D.
- Affiliations
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hou, Deyi
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 806
- Issue
- Pt 1
- Pages
- 150501
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3201042354
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 2.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (42077118)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFC1808000)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Arsenic contamination and mitigation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Keywords
- soil aging, arsenic, antimony, magnesium oxide, iron oxide, biochar, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, precipitation chemistry, soil amendment, soil remediation
- MeSH terms
- Arsenic, Charcoal, Hydrogen Peroxide, Soil, Soil Pollutants, Metalloids
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