Quantification of CO2 Mineralization at the Wallula Basalt Pilot Project
Open accessAbstract
In 2013, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory led a geologic carbon sequestration field demonstration where ∼1000 tonnes of CO2 was injected into several deep Columbia River Basalt zones near Wallula, Washington. Rock core samples extracted from the injection zone two years after CO2 injection revealed nascent carbonate mineralization that was qualitatively consistent with expectations from laboratory experiments and reactive transport modeling. Here, we report on a new detailed analysis of the 2012 pre-injection and 2015 post-injection hydrologic tests that capitalizes on the difference in fluid properties between scCO2 and water to assess changes in near-field, wellbore, and reservoir conditions that are apparent approximately two years following the end of injection. This comparative hydrologic test analysis method provides a new way to quantify the amount of injected CO2 that was mineralized in the field test. Modeling results indicate that approximately 60% of the injected CO2 was sequestered via mineralization within two years, with the resulting carbonates occupying ∼4% of the available reservoir pore space. The method presented here provides a new monitoring tool to assess the fate of CO2 injected into chemically reactive basalt formations but could also be adapted for long-term monitoring and verification within more traditional subsurface carbon storage reservoirs.
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Two years after injections, the Wallula pilot project and the Carbfix project have reported 60% and between 72-95% mineralization of injected CO2, respectively.
“Two years after injections, the Wallula pilot project and the Carbfix project have reported 60% (293 tonnes/year) 33 and between 72-95% (57-75 tonnes/year) 4,34 mineralization of injected CO2, respectively.”
From Molecular-scale mechanisms of CO2 mineralization in nanoscale interfacial water films (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
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Molecular-scale mechanisms of CO2 mineralization in nanoscale interfacial water films
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- Authors
- White, S. K., Spane, F. A., Schaef, H. T., Miller, Q. R. S., White, M. D., Horner, J. A., & McGrail, B. P.
- Affiliations
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- White, Signe K.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-09-11
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 14609-14616
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W3086951590
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 5.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05-76RL01830)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications
- Keywords
- CO2 mineralization, geologic carbon sequestration, Columbia River Basalt Group, hydrologic testing, supercritical carbon dioxide, reactive transport modeling
- MeSH terms
- Carbon Dioxide, Pilot Projects, Washington, Silicates, Carbon Sequestration
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