Yields and Variability of Ozone Reaction Products from Human Skin
Abstract
and volatile products of the resulting chemistry were quantified in real time. Yields (ppb product emitted/ppb ozone consumed) for 40 products were quantified. Major products of the primary reaction of ozone-squalene included 6-methyl 5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO) and geranyl acetone (GA) with average yields of 0.22 and 0.16, respectively. Other major products included decanal, methacrolein (or methyl vinyl ketone), nonanal, and butanal. Yields varied widely among participants; summed yields ranged from 0.33 to 0.93. The dynamic increase in emission rates during ozone exposure also varied among participants, possibly indicative of differences in the thickness of the skin lipid layer. Factor analysis indicates that much of the variability among participants is due to factors associated with the relative abundance of (1) "fresh" skin lipid constituents (such as squalene and fatty acids), (2) oxidized skin lipids, and (3) exogenous compounds. This last factor appears to be associated with the presence of oleic and linoleic acids and could be accounted for by uptake of cooking oils or personal care products to skin lipids.
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Squalene appears to act as a natural antioxidant because it acts as an effective quencher of singlet oxygen and lowers lipid peroxidation.
“Squalene has many beneficial properties and appears to act as a natural antioxidant because it acts as an effective quencher of singlet oxygen and lowers lipid peroxidation, hence its use in anti-aging skin creams [61].”
From Key Targets for Improving Algal Biofuel Production (2021) · cites this paper as [61]
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Controlled full-body human exposure to ozone increases malondialdehyde on skin
Bekö, G., Lin, Y., Langer, S., Morrison, G., Zhang, M., Licina, D., Weschler, C. J., & Zhang, J. J. (2026) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2026.125624
Self-citationRadical-induced autoxidation dominates squalene oxidative aging under environmental conditions
Wang, X., Downey, J. P., Gobbi, G., Fahy, W. D., Wu, W., Xie, L., Hou, X., Peng, H., & Abbatt, J. P. D. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aei2144
- Authors
- Morrison, G. C., Eftekhari, A., Majluf, F., & Krechmer, J. E.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Aerodyne Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morrison, Glenn C.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-12-18
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 179-187
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W3115321620
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Colgate-Palmolive Company
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (G-2017?9796)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Keywords
- ozone, human skin, volatile organic compounds, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, geranylacetone, methacrolein, interindividual variability, oleic acid, linoleic acid, personal care products
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Lipids, Ozone, Skin, Squalene, Air Pollution, Indoor
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