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Emerging Contaminants and New POPs (PFAS and HBCDD) in Endangered Southern Resident and Bigg’s (Transient) Killer Whales ( Orcinus orca ): In Utero Maternal Transfer and Pollution Management Implications

Lee, Kiah, Alava, Juan José, Cottrell, Paul, Cottrell, Lauren, Grace, Richard, Zysk, Ivona, Raverty, Stephen·2023·Environmental Science & Technology
DOI 10.1021/acs.est.2c04126
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Abstract

Killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) have been deemed one of the most contaminated cetacean species in the world. However, concentrations and potential health implications of selected 'contaminants of emerging concern' (CECs) and new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in endangered Southern Resident and threatened Bigg's (Transient) killer whales in the Northeastern Pacific (NEP) have not yet been documented. Here, we quantify CECs [alkylphenols (APs), triclosan, methyl triclosan, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)] and new POPs [hexabromocyclododecane (HBCCD), PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS] in skeletal muscle and liver samples of these sentinel species and investigate in utero transfer of these contaminants. Samples were collected from necropsied individuals from 2006 to 2018 and analyzed by LC-MS/MS or HRBC/HRMS. AP and PFAS contaminants were the most prevalent compounds; 4-nonylphenol (4NP) was the predominant AP (median 40.84 ng/g ww), and interestingly, 7:3-fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (7:3 FTCA) was the primary PFAS (median 66.35 ng/g ww). Maternal transfer ratios indicated 4NP as the most transferred contaminant from the dam to the fetus, with maternal transfer rates as high as 95.1%. Although too few killer whales have been screened for CECs and new POPs to infer the magnitude of contamination impact, these results raise concerns regarding pathological implications and potential impacts on fetal development and production of a viable neonate. This study outlines CEC…

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Metadata

Authors
Lee, K., Alava, J. J., Cottrell, P., Cottrell, L., Grace, R., Zysk, I., & Raverty, S.
Affiliations
  • Ocean Pollution Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
  • Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Fisheries and Aquaculture Management, 401 Burrard Street, Vancouver V6C 3S4, Canada
  • Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Cunningham Building 202, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
  • SGS AXYS Analytical Services Ltd, 2045 Mills Road W, Sidney V8L 5X2, Canada
ORCID
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2022-12-13
Volume
57
Issue
1
Pages
360-374
ISSN
  • 0013-936X
  • 1520-5851
DOI
10.1021/acs.est.2c04126
Cited by
55
References
3
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • Fisheries and Oceans Canada
  • Nippon Foundation
  • University of British Columbia

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