The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Enzymatic Purification of Microplastics in Environmental Samples
Open accessAbstract
Micro-Fourier transform infrared (micro-FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy enable the reliable identification and quantification of microplastics (MPs) in the lower micron range. Since concentrations of MPs in the environment are usually low, the large sample volumes required for these techniques lead to an excess of coenriched organic or inorganic materials. While inorganic materials can be separated from MPs using density separation, the organic fraction impedes the ability to conduct reliable analyses. Hence, the purification of MPs from organic materials is crucial prior to conducting an identification via spectroscopic techniques. Strong acidic or alkaline treatments bear the danger of degrading sensitive synthetic polymers. We suggest an alternative method, which uses a series of technical grade enzymes for purifying MPs in environmental samples. A basic enzymatic purification protocol (BEPP) proved to be efficient while reducing 98.3 ± 0.1% of the sample matrix in surface water samples. After showing a high recovery rate (84.5 ± 3.3%), the BEPP was successfully applied to environmental samples from the North Sea where numbers of MPs range from 0.05 to 4.42 items m –3 . Experiences with different environmental sample matrices were considered in an improved and universally applicable version of the BEPP, which is suitable for focal plane array detector (FPA)-based micro-FTIR analyses of water, wastewater, sediment, biota, and food samples.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lost at sea: where is all the plastic?
Thompson, R. C., Olsen, Y., Mitchell, R. P., Davis, A., Rowland, S. J., John, A. W. G., McGonigle, D., & Russell, A. E. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1094559 · Cited by 7,765
Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R. C., & Thiel, M. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es2031505 · Cited by 5,440
Plastic debris in the open ocean
Cózar, A., Echevarría, F., González-Gordillo, J. I., Irigoien, X., Úbeda, B., Hernández-León, S., Palma, Á. T., Navarro, S., García-de-Lomas, J., Ruiz, A., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1314705111 · Cited by 3,133
Eerkes-Medrano, D., Thompson, R. C., & Aldridge, D. C. (2015) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.012 · Cited by 2,638
Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems: what we know and what we need to know
Wagner, M., Scherer, C., Alvarez-Muñoz, D., Brennholt, N., Bourrain, X., Buchinger, S., Fries, E., Grosbois, C., Klasmeier, J., Marti, T., et al. (2014) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1186/s12302-014-0012-7 · Cited by 1,543
Mintenig, S. M., Int-Veen, I., Löder, M. G. J., Primpke, S., & Gerdts, G. (2017) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.015 · Cited by 1,481
Self-citationOccurrence and distribution of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast
Claessens, M., Meester, S. D., Landuyt, L. V., Clerck, K. D., & Janssen, C. R. (2011) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.030 · Cited by 1,428
A new analytical approach for monitoring microplastics in marine sediments
Nuelle, M.-T., Dekiff, J. H., Remy, D., & Fries, E. (2014) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.027 · Cited by 1,401
Microplastics in sediments: A review of techniques, occurrence and effects
Van Cauwenberghe, L., Devriese, L., Galgani, F., Robbens, J., & Janssen, C. R. (2015) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.007 · Cited by 1,245
Analysis of environmental microplastics by vibrational microspectroscopy: FTIR, Raman or both?
Käppler, A., Fischer, D., Oberbeckmann, S., Schernewski, G., Labrenz, M., Eichhorn, K.-J., & Voit, B. (2016) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-016-9956-3 · Cited by 1,095
Cited by
Microplastics in Freshwaters and Drinking Water: Critical Review and Assessment of Data Quality
Koelmans, A. A., Mohamed Nor, N. H., Hermsen, E., Kooi, M., Mintenig, S. M., & De France, J. (2019) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.054 · Cited by 2,535
Self-citationChemical Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Challenges, Advanced Methods, and Perspectives
Ivleva, N. P. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00178 · Cited by 1,172
Review of micro- and nanoplastic contamination in the food chain
Toussaint, B., Raffael, B., Angers-Loustau, A., Gilliland, D., Kestens, V., Petrillo, M., Rio-Echevarria, I. M., & Van den Eede, G. (2019) · Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A · doi:10.1080/19440049.2019.1583381 · Cited by 643
Primpke, S., Wirth, M., Lorenz, C., & Gerdts, G. (2018) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-018-1156-x · Cited by 584
Self-citationMicroplastics: An overview on separation, identification and characterization of microplastics
Tirkey, A., & Upadhyay, L. S. B. (2021) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112604 · Cited by 445
Metadata
- Authors
- Löder, M. G. J., Imhof, H. K., Ladehoff, M., Löschel, L. A., Lorenz, C., Mintenig, S., Piehl, S., Primpke, S., Schrank, I., Laforsch, C., & Gerdts, G.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-12-04
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 14283-14292
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2767480030
- Cited by
- 544
- References
- 38
- FWCI
- 13.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Enzymatic Purification of Microplastics in Environmental Samples. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/acs.est.7b03055
- The paper
- Löder, M. G. J., Imhof, H. K., Ladehoff, M., Löschel, L. A., Lorenz, C., Mintenig, S., Piehl, S., Primpke, S., Schrank, I., Laforsch, C., & Gerdts, G. (2017). Enzymatic Purification of Microplastics in Environmental Samples. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03055
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
