Review of micro- and nanoplastic contamination in the food chain

Toussaint, Brigitte; Raffael, Barbara; Angers-Loustau, Alexandre; Gilliland, Douglas; Kestens, Vikram; Petrillo, Mauro; Rio-Echevarria, Iria M.; Van den Eede, Guy

doi:10.1080/19440049.2019.1583381

Cited by 643Microplastics and Plastic PollutionPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsEnvironmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology

Review of micro- and nanoplastic contamination in the food chain

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Toussaint, Brigitte, Raffael, Barbara, Angers-Loustau, Alexandre, Gilliland, Douglas, Kestens, Vikram, Petrillo, Mauro, Rio-Echevarria, Iria M., Van den Eede, Guy·2019·Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

DOI 10.1080/19440049.2019.1583381

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Abstract

Whereas the dramatic environmental impact of plastic waste rightfully receives considerable attention by scientists, policy makers and public in general, the human health impact of micro- and nanoplastics contamination of our food and beverages remains largely unknown. Indeed, most studies aim at understanding the environmental impact rather than the human health impact of a possible exposure to micro- and nanoplastics. In addition, these papers generally lack a methodological, standardised approach. Furthermore, some studies focus on the damage to and contamination level of animal species collected from the wild environment, and others investigate the rate and biology of microplastic uptake of animals fed with microplastics in laboratory. This review aims at understanding human exposure. Since there is, with few exceptions, no evidence available on the presence of micro- and nanoplastics in a normal diet, this study takes an indirect approach and analyses peer-reviewed publications since 2010 that document the presence of micro- and nanoplastics in those animals (more than 200 species) and food products that are part of the human food chain and that may thus contribute directly or indirectly to the uptake of micro- and nanoplastics via the human diet. It also addresses the question of the definitions, the methodologies and the quality criteria applied to obtain the reported results. This review suggests that, beyond a few estimations and comparisons, precise data to assess the exact exposure of humans to micro- and nanoplastics through their diet cannot be produced until standardised methods and definitions are available.

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PMD is ingested by several marine organisms, including commercially important species.
“PMD is also ingested by several marine organisms, including commercially important species.18,19,[87][88][89][90]”
From The fate of plastic in the ocean environment – a minireview (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
Nanoplastics have high surface to volume ratios and thus better adsorb toxic compounds and potentially transfer them to organisms after ingestion.
“Nanoplastics are characterised by high surface to volume ratios and thus better adsorb toxic compounds and potentially transfers them to organisms aer ingestion.16,18,137,[147][148][149]”
From The fate of plastic in the ocean environment – a minireview (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
There are three entryways for human exposure: via the lungs, contact with the skin, and ingestion (e.g. with marine food).
“There are three entryways: via the lungs, contact with the skin and ingestion (e.g. with marine food).18,160”
From The fate of plastic in the ocean environment – a minireview (2021) · cites this paper as [18]

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Authors: Toussaint, B., Raffael, B., Angers-Loustau, A., Gilliland, D., Kestens, V., Petrillo, M., Rio-Echevarria, I. M., & Van den Eede, G.
Affiliations: European Commission (BE)
European Commission, Directorate-General Joint Research Centre, Geel, Belgium
Corresponding author: Toussaint, Brigitte
ORCID: Gilliland, Douglas
Kestens, Vikram
Petrillo, Mauro
Venue: Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2019-04-15
Volume: 36
Issue: 5
Pages: 639-673
ISSN: 1944-0049 (ISSN-L)
1944-0057
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1583381
OpenAlex: W2939196136
Cited by: 643
References: 125
Citations by year: 2026: 70 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 7
FWCI: 2.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Food Additives & Contaminants Part A (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Flanders Marine Institute (Flanders Marine Institute) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
Joint Research Centre (European Commission) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
Keywords: microplastics, nanoplastics, food chain, human dietary exposure, food contamination, animal studies, plastic waste, exposure assessment
MeSH terms: Animals, Food Contamination, Food Supply, Humans, Plastics

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