The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals: Insights on a New Class of Pollutants
Open accessAbstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals, EPFRs, exist in significant concentration in atmospheric particulate matter (PM). EPFRs are primarily emitted from combustion and thermal processing of organic materials, in which the organic combustion byproducts interact with transition metal-containing particles to form a free radical-particle pollutant. While the existence of persistent free radicals in combustion has been known for over half-a-century, only recently that their presence in environmental matrices and health effects have started significant research, but still in its infancy. Most of the experimental studies conducted to understand the origin and nature of EPFRs have focused primarily on nanoparticles that are supported on a larger micrometer-sized particle that mimics incidental nanoparticles formed during combustion. Less is known on the extent by which EPFRs may form on engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) during combustion or thermal treatment. In this critical and timely review, we summarize important findings on EPFRs and discuss their potential to form on pristine ENMs as a new research direction. ENMs may form EPFRs that may differ in type and concentration compared to nanoparticles that are supported on larger particles. The lack of basic data and fundamental knowledge about the interaction of combustion byproducts with ENMs under high-temperature and oxidative conditions present an unknown environmental and health burden. Studying the extent of ENMs on catalyzing EPFRs is important to address the hazards of atmospheric PM fully from these emerging environmental contaminants.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T., DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., et al. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/jgrd.50171 · Cited by 6,385
The chemistry of peroxynitrite: A product from the reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide
Pryor, W. A., & Squadrito, G. L. (1995) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.1995.268.5.l699 · Cited by 1,511
Toxicity of iron and hydrogen peroxide: the Fenton reaction
Winterbourn, C. C. (1995) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03532-x · Cited by 1,415
Reactions of oxyl radicals with DNA
Breen, A. P., & Murphy, J. A. (1995) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(94)00209-3 · Cited by 1,038
Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals and Their Lifetimes in PM 2.5
Gehling, W., & Dellinger, B. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es401767m · Cited by 278
Cruz, A. L. N. D., Cook, R. L., Lomnicki, S. M., & Dellinger, B. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es300362k · Cited by 154
Self-citationVejerano, E., Lomnicki, S. M., & Dellinger, B. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es301136d · Cited by 144
Self-citationDetection of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals at a Superfund Wood Treating Site
dela Cruz, A. L. N., Gehling, W., Lomnicki, S., Cook, R., & Dellinger, B. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es2012947 · Cited by 136
Self-citationLee, G. I., Saravia, J., You, D., Shrestha, B., Jaligama, S., Hebert, V. Y., Dugas, T. R., & Cormier, S. A. (2014) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s12989-014-0057-1 · Cited by 119
Self-citationThevenot, P. T., Saravia, J., Jin, N., Giaimo, J. D., Chustz, R. E., Mahne, S., Kelley, M. A., Hebert, V. Y., Dellinger, B., Dugas, T. R., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2012-0052oc · Cited by 110
Self-citationWang, P., You, D., Saravia, J., Shen, H., & Cormier, S. A. (2013) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/1743-8977-10-29 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Cited by
Ruan, X., Sun, Y., Du, W., Tang, Y., Liu, Q., Zhang, Z., Doherty, W., Frost, R. L., Qian, G., & Tsang, D. C. W. (2019) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.105 · Cited by 402
Johnson, N. M., Hoffmann, A. R., Behlen, J. C., Lau, C., Pendleton, D., Harvey, N., Shore, R., Li, Y., Chen, J., Tian, Y., et al. (2021) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-021-00995-5 · Cited by 339
“Cormier and colleagues have also investigated the specific toxic effects of combustion-generated environmentally persistent-free radicals (EPFR) [71] adsorbed to ultrafine”
BackgroundInfluentialXu, Y., Ou, Q., van der Hoek, J. P., Liu, G., & Lompe, K. M. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c07035 · Cited by 325
Biochar based catalysts for the abatement of emerging pollutants: a review
Do Minh, T., Song, J., Deb, A., Cha, L., Srivastava, V., & Sillanpää, M. (2020) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.124856 · Cited by 231
Wang, Y., Yang, Q., Chen, J., Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Li, X., Du, W., Liang, A., Ho, S.-H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122658 · Cited by 124
Metadata
- Authors
- Vejerano, E. P., Rao, G., Khachatryan, L., Cormier, S. A., & Lomnicki, S.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-02-14
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2468-2481
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2787207882
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 10.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
