Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals and Their Lifetimes in PM 2.5
Open accessAbstract
For the first time, an expansive study into the concentration and extended decay behavior of environmentally persistent free radicals in PM2.5 was performed. Results from this study revealed three types of radical decay-a fast decay, slow decay, and no decay-following one of four decay patterns: a relatively fast decay exhibiting a 1/e lifetime of 1-21 days accompanied by a slow decay with a 1/e lifetime of 21-5028 days (47% of samples); a single slow decay including a 1/e lifetime of 4-2083 days (24% of samples); no decay (18% of samples); and a relatively fast decay displaying an average 1/e lifetime of 0.25-21 days followed by no decay (11% of samples). Phenol correlated well with the initial radical concentration and fast decay rate. Other correlations for common atmospheric pollutants (ozone, NOx, SO2, etc.) as well as meteorological conditions suggested photochemical processes impact the initial radical concentration and fast decay rate. The radical signal in PM2.5 was remarkably similar to semiquinones in cigarette smoke. Accordingly, radicals inhaled from PM2.5 were related to the radicals inhaled from smoking cigarettes, expressed as the number of equivalent cigarettes smoked. This calculated to 0.4-0.9 cigarettes per day for nonextreme air quality in the United States.
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EPFRs with unpaired electrons, as by-products formed after incomplete thermal decomposition under catalysis of transition metals with half-lives in ambient air from hours to months, possess highly active redox properties to catalyse peroxides to generate ROS via single-electron transfer.
“EPFRs with unpaired electrons, as the by-products formed after the incomplete thermal decomposition under the catalysis of transition metals with half lives in ambient air from hours to months, have been reported to possess highly active redox properties to catalyse peroxides (e.g., H2O2, PMS, and PDS) to generate ROS via a single-electron transfer process.52,122,123”
From Sustainable remediation with an electroactive biochar system: mechanisms and perspectives (2020) · cites this paper as [123]
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- Authors
- Gehling, W., & Dellinger, B.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dellinger, Barry
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2013-08-06
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 8172-8178
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- PMC
- PMC4309365
- OpenAlex
- W2333830965
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 5.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P42ES013648)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Advanced oxidation water treatment
- Keywords
- environmentally persistent free radicals, PM2.5, radical lifetime, radical decay, phenols, photochemical processes, semiquinone, cigarette smoke, air pollutants, air quality
- MeSH terms
- Free Radicals, Particulate Matter
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