The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Plastic Teabags Release Billions of Microparticles and Nanoparticles into Tea
Abstract
The increasing presence of micro- and nano-sized plastics in the environment and food chain is of growing concern. Although mindful consumers are promoting the reduction of single-use plastics, some manufacturers are creating new plastic packaging to replace traditional paper uses, such as plastic teabags. The objective of this study was to determine whether plastic teabags could release microplastics and/or nanoplastics during a typical steeping process. We show that steeping a single plastic teabag at brewing temperature (95 °C) releases approximately 11.6 billion microplastics and 3.1 billion nanoplastics into a single cup of the beverage. The composition of the released particles is matched to the original teabags (nylon and polyethylene terephthalate) using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The levels of nylon and polyethylene terephthalate particles released from the teabag packaging are several orders of magnitude higher than plastic loads previously reported in other foods. An initial acute invertebrate toxicity assessment shows that exposure to only the particles released from the teabags caused dose-dependent behavioral and developmental effects.
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Cites
Plastic and Human Health: A Micro Issue?
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Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems: what we know and what we need to know
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Cited by
Chemical Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Challenges, Advanced Methods, and Perspectives
Ivleva, N. P. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00178 · Cited by 1,172
A review of microplastics in table salt, drinking water, and air: direct human exposure
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Self-citationNanoplastics are neither microplastics nor engineered nanoparticles
Gigault, J., El Hadri, H., Nguyen, B., Grassl, B., Rowenczyk, L., Tufenkji, N., Feng, S., & Wiesner, M. (2021) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-021-00886-4 · Cited by 954
Self-citationMicroplastics in human food chains: Food becoming a threat to health safety
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Micro- and nanoplastic induced cellular toxicity in mammals: A review
Banerjee, A., & Shelver, W. L. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142518 · Cited by 492
Metadata
- Authors
- Hernandez, L. M., Xu, E. G., Larsson, H. C. E., Tahara, R., Maisuria, V. B., & Tufenkji, N.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2019-09-25
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 12300-12310
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2975218902
- Cited by
- 1,112
- References
- 15
- FWCI
- 27.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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