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Recent Advancement of Coagulation–Flocculation and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment
Abstract
Increasing environmental awareness coupled with more stringent regulation standards has triggered various industries to challenge themselves in seeking appropriate wastewater treatment technologies. Coagulation–flocculation process is regarded as one of the most important and widely used treatment processes of industrial wastewaters due to its simplicity and effectiveness. This paper provides a critical review on recent studies of coagulation–flocculation treatment processes of various industrial wastewaters. The limitations and challenges for the coagulation–flocculation process such as the toxicity and health hazard posed by inorganic coagulants, production of large amount of toxic sludge, ineffectiveness in removing heavy metals and emerging contaminants, increase in effluent color, inefficient pollutant removal using natural coagulants, and complexity of scaling up procedure are presented. In addition, an overview on the influence of process parameters on treatment efficiency is included in this review. Finally, this review concludes with recommendations for improvements and new directions for this long-established process.
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“Some weaknesses are toxicity and health hazardousness of inorganic coagulants, a large volume of sludge, selective for some metals and inefficient in emerging contaminants, increasingly effluent color, inefficient when using natural coagulants, and complex of scaling up 92 .”
From Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater: a comprehensive and critical review (2021) · cites this paper as [92]
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Metadata
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- Teh, C. Y., Budiman, P. M., Shak, K. P. Y., & Wu, T. Y.
- Affiliations
- Monash University Malaysia (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Ta Yeong
- Venue
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-04-08
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 4363-4389
- ISSN
- 0888-5885 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5045
- OpenAlex
- W2333262005
- Cited by
- 1,160
- References
- 208
- Citations by year
- 2026: 92 · 2025: 131 · 2024: 148 · 2023: 163 · 2022: 152 · 2021: 141 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 21
- FWCI
- 43.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Monash University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Coagulation and Flocculation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water and Wastewater Treatment
- Keywords
- coagulation-flocculation, industrial wastewater treatment, inorganic coagulants, natural coagulants, heavy metal removal, emerging contaminants, toxic sludge, process parameters, scale-up
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