C-Phycocyanin from Spirulina Inhibits α-Synuclein and Amyloid-β Fibril Formation but Not Amorphous Aggregation
Abstract
Proteinopathies including cataracts and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are characterized by a series of aberrant protein folding events, resulting in amorphous aggregate or amyloid fibril formation. In the latter case, research has heavily focused on the development of small-molecule inhibitors with limited success during clinical trials. However, very few studies have focused on utilizing exogenous proteins as potential aggregation inhibitors. C-Phycocyanin, derived from Spirulina sp., has been known to exert anti-inflammatory properties; however, the ability of C-phycocyanin to inhibit protein aggregation has yet to be investigated. We have demonstrated that C-phycocyanin is an effective inhibitor of A53Tα-synuclein at extremely low substoichiometric ratios (200-fold excess of α-synuclein) and Aβ40/42 fibril formation. However, C-phycocyanin is relatively ineffective in inhibiting the reduction-induced amorphous aggregation of ADH and heat-induced aggregation of catalase. In addition, 2D NMR, ion mobility-mass spectrometry, and analytical-SEC demonstrate that the interaction between C-phycocyanin and α-synuclein is through nonstable interactions, indicating that transient interactions are likely to be responsible for preventing fibril formation. Overall, this work highlights how biomolecules from natural sources could be used to aid in the development of therapeutics to combat protein misfolding diseases.
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C-PC proved to be an effective inhibitor of A53Tα-Syn and Aβ40/42 fibril formation.
“Interestingly, C-PC proved to be an effective inhibitor of A53Tα-Syn and Aβ40/42 fibril formation.”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [118]
C-PC and α-Syn interact through unstable interactions, indicating that transient interactions can hinder fibril formation.
“C-PC and α-Syn interact through unstable interactions, indicating that perhaps transient interactions can hinder fibril formation [118].”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [118]
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- Authors
- Liu, Y., Jovcevski, B., & Pukala, T. L.
- Affiliations
- Hebei Agricultural University (CN)
- The School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Pukala, Tara L.
- Venue
- Journal of Natural Products
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2019-01-08
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 66-73
- ISSN
- 0163-3864 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6025
- OpenAlex
- W2909628053
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Natural Products (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Education and Training (DP1093143, DP170102033)
- Hebei Agricultural University (Start-up Grant ZD201624)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein purification and stability
- Keywords
- C-phycocyanin, Spirulina, alpha-synuclein, amyloid-beta, protein aggregation inhibition, fibril formation, A53T alpha-synuclein, proteinopathies, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cataract, transient protein interactions
- MeSH terms
- Amyloid, Peptide Fragments, Phycocyanin, Amyloid beta-Peptides, alpha-Synuclein, Spirulina, Protein Aggregates
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