The Role of Epsilon Near Zero and Hot Electrons in Enhanced Dynamic THz Emission from Nonlinear Metasurfaces
Open accessAbstract
We study theoretically and experimentally the nonlinear THz emission from plasmonic metasurfaces and show that a thin indium-tin oxide (ITO) film significantly affects the nonlinear dynamics of the system. Specifically, the presence of the ITO film leads to 2 orders of magnitude stronger THz emission compared to a metasurface on glass. It also shows a different power law, signifying different dominant emission mechanisms. In addition, we find that the hot-electron dynamics in the system strongly modify the coupling between the plasmonic metasurface and the free electrons in the ITO at the picosecond time scale. This results in striking dynamic THz emission phenomena that were not observed to date. Specifically, we show that the generated THz pulse can be shortened in time and thus broadened in frequency with twice the bandwidth compared to previous studies and to an uncoupled system. Our findings open the door to design efficient and dynamic metasurface THz emitters.
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Coupling to the epsilon-near-zero mode in ITO films can significantly influence the efficiency of THz generation and can allow efficient generation of THz radiation at s-polarized excitation in split-ring resonators.
“recent experimental works have revealed that the coupling to the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) mode in ITO films can have a significant influence on the efficiency of THz generation, and even allow the efficient generation of THz radiation at -polarized excitation in SRRs208,215”
From Ultrafast terahertz emission from emerging symmetry-broken materials (2023) · cites this paper as [215]
The paper’s THz-emission discussion (indexed as Abstract; page unavailable) reports that ITO and ENZ field enhancement substantially increase emission from split-ring resonators, and that excitation along either the x or y axis produces strong THz emission. It does not identify either excitation as s-polarized; moreover, it describes the y-polarized resonance as weakly coupled to the ENZ mode. The specific claim that ENZ coupling enables efficient generation under s-polarized excitation is therefore not established. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Boyd R. W. Nonlinear Optics, 4th ed.; Academic Press, 2020.
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Ultrafast terahertz emission from emerging symmetry-broken materials
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- Authors
- Minerbi, E., Sideris, S., Khurgin, J. B., & Ellenbogen, T.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Minerbi, Eviatar
- Venue
- Nano Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2022-07-28
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 6194-6199
- ISSN
- 1530-6984 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6992
- PMC
- PMC9373027
- OpenAlex
- W4288084319
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nano Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-16-10362)
- H2020 European Research Council (715362)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
- Keywords
- plasmonic metasurfaces, indium tin oxide, hot electrons, epsilon-near-zero, picosecond dynamics
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