Broadband terahertz generation from metamaterials
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The terahertz spectral regime, ranging from about 0.1-15 THz, is one of the least explored yet most technologically transformative spectral regions. One current challenge is to develop efficient and compact terahertz emitters/detectors with a broadband and gapless spectrum that can be tailored for various pump photon energies. Here we demonstrate efficient single-cycle broadband THz generation, ranging from about 0.1-4 THz, from a thin layer of split-ring resonators with few tens of nanometers thickness by pumping at the telecommunications wavelength of 1.5 μm (200 THz). The terahertz emission arises from exciting the magnetic-dipole resonance of the split-ring resonators and quickly decreases under off-resonance pumping. This, together with pump polarization dependence and power scaling of the terahertz emission, identifies the role of optically induced nonlinear currents in split-ring resonators. We also reveal a giant sheet nonlinear susceptibility ~10(-16) m(2) V(-1) that far exceeds thin films and bulk non-centrosymmetric materials.
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For the noncentrosymmetric U-shaped split-ring resonator, experimental results with second harmonic and THz generation revealed that the effective tensor element dominates and is enhanced by orders of magnitude.
“Experimental results with both second harmonic198,199 and THz generation200,204 revealed that the effective (configuration shown in Fig. 9c3) dominates and is enhanced by orders of magnitude.”
From Ultrafast terahertz emission from emerging symmetry-broken materials (2023) · cites this paper as [200]
The Optical Measurement section (p. 16) reports that the SRRs’ resonant sheet nonlinear susceptibility is three orders of magnitude higher than typical surface and sheet values. The Theory section (p. 18) explains why the U-shaped SRR’s magnetic resonance produces observable emission, but does not compare tensor elements to establish that one dominates. The paper also says its THz measurements quantified a susceptibility that prior second-harmonic-generation measurements could not (p. 6). (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSingle-cycle broadband THz pulses up to 4 THz were experimentally observed from gold split-ring resonators with few tens-of-nanometers thickness pumped by femtosecond laser pulses at telecommunications wavelengths.
“Single-cycle broadband THz pulses up to 4 THz were experimentally observed from gold SRRs with few tens-of-nanometers thickness pumped by femtosecond laser pulses at telecommunications wavelengths (Fig. 9a)”
From Ultrafast terahertz emission from emerging symmetry-broken materials (2023) · cites this paper as [200]
The emitted THz electric field from gold split-ring resonators exhibited a linear dependence on pump power, corroborating the second-order nonlinearity (optical rectification).
“the emitted THz electric field exhibited a linear dependence on the pump power (Fig. 9b), thereby corroborating the second-order nonlinearity200 (optical rectification).”
From Ultrafast terahertz emission from emerging symmetry-broken materials (2023) · cites this paper as [200]
A hydrodynamic model for the electronic response in nanoplasmonic split-ring resonators explains the generation of THz radiation via optical rectification.
“This behavior can be understood by a hydrodynamic model for the electronic response in nanoplasmonic SRRs, which was introduced first for interpreting second harmonic generation205 and then the generation of THz radiation via optical rectification200.”
From Ultrafast terahertz emission from emerging symmetry-broken materials (2023) · cites this paper as [200]
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- Authors
- Luo, L., Chatzakis, I., Wang, J., Niesler, F. B. P., Wegener, M., Koschny, T., & Soukoulis, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Iowa State University (US)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Jigang
- Soukoulis, Costas M.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2014-01-08
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3055-3055
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2599593943
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DE-AC02-07CH11358, 1055352)
- U.S. Department of Energy (AC02-07CH11358, DEAC02- 07CH11358, Contract No. DE-AC 02-07CH11358, No. DE-AC02-07CH11358, DE-AC02-)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Iowa State University (07CH11358, DE-AC02-07CH11358)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (subproject A1))
- Office of Naval Research (N00014)
- Division of Materials Research
- Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (DE-AC02, DEAC02-07CH11358)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Keywords
- terahertz generation, split ring resonator, metamaterials, magnetic dipole resonance, nonlinear optical susceptibility, nonlinear current, power scaling, gapless spectrum
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