The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
High-Capacitance Mechanism for Ti3C2Tx MXene by in Situ Electrochemical Raman Spectroscopy Investigation
Abstract
MXenes represent an emerging family of conductive two-dimensional materials. Their representative, Ti 3 C 2 T x, has been recognized as an outstanding member in the field of electrochemical energy storage. However, an in-depth understanding of fundamental processes responsible for the superior capacitance of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene in acidic electrolytes is lacking. Here, to understand the mechanism of capacitance in Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, we studied electrochemically the charge/discharge processes of Ti 3 C 2 T x electrodes in sulfate ion-containing aqueous electrolytes with three different cations, coupled with in situ Raman spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that hydronium in the H 2 SO 4 electrolyte bonds with the terminal O in the negative electrode upon discharging while debonding occurs upon charging. Correspondingly, the reversible bonding/debonding changes the valence state of Ti element in the MXene, giving rise to the pseudocapacitance in the acidic electrolyte. In stark contrast, only electric double layer capacitance is recognized in the other electrolytes of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 or MgSO 4 . The charge storage ways also differ: ion exchange dominates in H 2 SO 4, while counterion adsorption in the rest. Hydronium that is characterized by smaller hydration radius and less charge is the most mobile among the three cations, facilitating it more kinetically accommodated on the deep adsorption sites between the MXene layers. The two key factors, i . e ., surface functional group-involved bonding/debonding-induced pseudocapacitance, and ion exchange-featured charge storage, simultaneously contribute to the superior capacitance of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene in acidic electrolytes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Two‐Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti3AlC2
Naguib, M., Kurtoglu, M., Presser, V., Lu, J., Niu, J., Heon, M., Hultman, L., Gogotsi, Y., & Barsoum, M. W. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201102306 · Cited by 11,855
Graphene-Based Ultracapacitors
Stoller, M. D., Park, S., Zhu, Y., An, J., & Ruoff, R. S. (2008) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl802558y · Cited by 8,373
25th Anniversary Article: MXenes: A New Family of Two‐Dimensional Materials
Naguib, M., Mochalin, V. N., Barsoum, M. W., & Gogotsi, Y. (2014) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201304138 · Cited by 6,414
Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide ‘clay’ with high volumetric capacitance
Ghidiu, M., Lukatskaya, M. R., Zhao, M.-Q., Gogotsi, Y., & Barsoum, M. W. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13970 · Cited by 5,997
Where do batteries end and supercapacitors begin?
Simon, P., Gogotsi, Y., & Dunn, B. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1249625 · Cited by 5,634
Pseudocapacitive Contributions to Electrochemical Energy Storage in TiO2 (Anatase) Nanoparticles
Wang, J., Polleux, J., Lim, J., & Dunn, B. (2007) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp074464w · Cited by 5,333
Electrochemical Capacitors for Energy Management
Miller, J. R., & Simon, P. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1158736 · Cited by 4,831
Cation Intercalation and High Volumetric Capacitance of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide
Lukatskaya, M. R., Mashtalir, O., Ren, C. E., Dall’Agnese, Y., Rozier, P., Taberna, P. L., Naguib, M., Simon, P., Barsoum, M. W., & Gogotsi, Y. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1241488 · Cited by 4,320
Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials
Zhang, H. (2015) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b05040 · Cited by 2,167
Li+ Ion Insertion in TiO2 (Anatase). 2. Voltammetry on Nanoporous Films
Lindström, H., Södergren, S., Solbrand, A., Rensmo, H., Hjelm, J., Hagfeldt, A., & Lindquist, S.-E. (1997) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp970490q · Cited by 1,669
Flexible MXene/Carbon Nanotube Composite Paper with High Volumetric Capacitance
Zhao, M., Ren, C. E., Ling, Z., Lukatskaya, M. R., Zhang, C., Van Aken, K. L., Barsoum, M. W., & Gogotsi, Y. (2015) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201404140 · Cited by 1,426
Self-citationBoota, M., Anasori, B., Voigt, C., Zhao, M., Barsoum, M. W., & Gogotsi, Y. (2016) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201504705 · Cited by 1,114
NMR reveals the surface functionalisation of Ti3C2MXene
Hope, M. A., Forse, A. C., Griffith, K. J., Lukatskaya, M. R., Ghidiu, M., Gogotsi, Y., & Grey, C. P. (2016) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c6cp00330c · Cited by 974
Liu, T. ‐., Pell, W. G., Conway, B. E., & Roberson, S. L. (1998) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1838571 · Cited by 867
New Perspectives on the Charging Mechanisms of Supercapacitors
Forse, A. C., Merlet, C., Griffin, J. M., & Grey, C. P. (2016) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.6b02115 · Cited by 729
Lukatskaya, M. R., Bak, S., Yu, X., Yang, X., Barsoum, M. W., & Gogotsi, Y. (2015) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201500589 · Cited by 689
Hu, T., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Li, Z., Hu, M., & Wang, X. (2015) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c4cp05666c · Cited by 652
Self-citationHigh capacitance of surface-modified 2D titanium carbide in acidic electrolyte
Dall'Agnese, Y., Lukatskaya, M. R., Cook, K. M., Taberna, P.-L., Gogotsi, Y., & Simon, P. (2014) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2014.09.002 · Cited by 569
Boota, M., Anasori, B., Voigt, C., Zhao, M.-Q., Barsoum, M. W., & Gogotsi, Y. (2016) · ECS Meeting Abstracts · doi:10.1149/ma2016-01/26/1306 · Cited by 550
Rakhi, R. B., Ahmed, B., Anjum, D., & Alshareef, H. N. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b04481 · Cited by 439
Levi, M. D., Lukatskaya, M. R., Sigalov, S., Beidaghi, M., Shpigel, N., Daikhin, L., Aurbach, D., Barsoum, M. W., & Gogotsi, Y. (2015) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201400815 · Cited by 384
Solid–liquid reaction synthesis of layered machinable Ti3AlC2 ceramic
Wang, X., & Zhou, Y. (2002) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b108685e · Cited by 267
Self-citationSelf-assembled Ti3C2TxMXene film with high gravimetric capacitance
Hu, M., Li, Z., Zhang, H., Hu, T., Zhang, C., Wu, Z., & Wang, X. (2015) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c5cc04722f · Cited by 190
Self-citationLiu, Y., Zhou, J., Tang, J., & Tang, W. (2015) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b03060 · Cited by 170
Anisotropic electronic conduction in stacked two-dimensional titanium carbide
Hu, T., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Li, Z., Hu, M., Tan, J., Hou, P., Li, F., & Wang, X. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep16329 · Cited by 156
Self-citationOgino, S.-I., Itoh, T., Mabuchi, D., Yokoyama, K., Motomiya, K., Tohji, K., & Sato, Y. (2016) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b12057 · Cited by 11
Cited by
Achieving high energy density and high power density with pseudocapacitive materials
Choi, C., Ashby, D. S., Butts, D. M., DeBlock, R. H., Wei, Q., Lau, J., & Dunn, B. (2019) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-019-0142-z · Cited by 1,964
Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of the Structure and Surface Chemistry of Ti3C2T x MXene
Sarycheva, A., & Gogotsi, Y. (2020) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c00359 · Cited by 1,467
Fluorine‐Free Synthesis of High‐Purity Ti3C2Tx (T=OH, O) via Alkali Treatment
Li, T., Yao, L., Liu, Q., Gu, J., Luo, R., Li, J., Yan, X., Wang, W., Liu, P., Chen, B., et al. (2018) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201800887 · Cited by 1,457
Electrochemical etching of Ti2AlC to Ti2CTx (MXene) in low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution
Sun, W., Shah, S. A., Chen, Y., Tan, Z., Gao, H., Habib, T., Radovic, M., & Green, M. J. (2017) · J. Mater. Chem. A · doi:10.1039/c7ta05574a · Cited by 854
Efficient Electrocatalytic N2 Fixation with MXene under Ambient Conditions
Luo, Y., Chen, G.-F., Ding, L., Chen, X., Ding, L.-X., & Wang, H. (2019) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2018.09.011 · Cited by 699
Metadata
- Authors
- Hu, M., Li, Z., Hu, T., Zhu, S., Zhang, C., & Wang, X.
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-11-12
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 11344-11350
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W2554324297
- Cited by
- 555
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 20.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
