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Cited by 787Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniquesDNA and Nucleic Acid ChemistryMolecular Junctions and Nanostructures

Mechanisms for DNA Charge Transport

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Genereux, Joseph C., Barton, Jacqueline K.·2010·Chemical Reviews
DOI 10.1021/cr900228fPMC PMC2879062
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Abstract

DNA charge transport (CT) chemistry has received considerable attention by scientific researchers over the past 15 years since our first provocative publication on long range CT in a DNA assembly.1,2 This interest, shared by physicists, chemists and biologists, reflects the potential of DNA CT to provide a sensitive route for signaling, whether in the construction of nanoscale biosensors or as an enzymatic tool to detect damage in the genome. Research into DNA CT chemistry began as a quest to determine whether the DNA double helix, a macromolecular assembly in solution with π-stacked base pairs, might share conductive characteristics with π-stacked solids. Physicists carried out sophisticated experiments to measure the conductivity of DNA samples, but the means to connect discrete DNA assemblies into the devices to gauge conductivity varied, as did the conditions under which conductivities were determined. Chemists constructed DNA assemblies to measure hole and electron transport in solution using a variety of hole and electron donors. Here, too, DNA CT was seen to depend upon the connections, or coupling, between donors and the DNA base pair stack. Importantly, these experiments have resolved the debate over whether DNA CT is possible. Moreover these studies have shown that DNA CT, irrespective of the oxidant or reductant used to initiate the chemistry, can occur over long molecular distances but can be exquisitely sensitive to perturbations in the base pair stack. \n \nHere we review some of the critical characteristics of DNA charge transport chemistry, taking examples from a range of systems, and consider these characteristics in the context of their mechanistic implications. This review is not intended to be exhaustive but instead to be illustrative. For instance, we describe studies involving measurements in solution using pendant photooxidants to inject holes, conductivity studies with covalently modified assemblies, and electrochemical studies on DNA-modified electrodes. We do not focus in detail on the differences amongst these constructs but instead on their similarities. It is the similarity among these various systems that allows us to consider different mechanisms to describe DNA CT. Thus we review also the various mechanisms for DNA CT that have been put forth and attempt to reconcile these mechanistic proposals with the many disparate measurements of DNA CT. Certainly the debate among researchers has shifted from "is DNA CT possible?" to "how does it work?". This review intends to explore this latter question in detail.

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  • The distribution of Type I oxidative damage is modulated, with enhanced guanine specificity due to charge transfer within DNA.

    “The distribution of oxidatively generated damage involving Type I photosensitization has been shown to be modulated, leading to an enhanced guanine specificity by the occurrence of charge transfer within DNA (104,105).”

    From Photoinduced Damage to Cellular DNA: Direct and Photosensitized Reactions<sup>†</sup> (2012) · cites this paper as [104]

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Authors
Genereux, J. C., & Barton, J. K.
Affiliations
California Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author
Barton, Jacqueline K.
ORCID
Venue
Chemical Reviews
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2009-11-23
Volume
110
Issue
3
Pages
1642-1662
ISSN
  • 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-6890
DOI
10.1021/cr900228f
PMC
PMC2879062
OpenAlex
W2091201245
Cited by
787
References
272
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 64
FWCI
4.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Chemical Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM49216, R01GM049216)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
Keywords
DNA charge transport, charge transport mechanism, hole transport, electron transport, DNA-modified electrodes, DNA biosensor, DNA damage detection
MeSH terms
DNA, Electrons, Ions, Models, Molecular, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Oxidation-Reduction

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