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Energy Input and Quality of Pellets Made from Steam-Exploded Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
Abstract
Ground softwood Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ) was treated with pressurized saturated steam at 200−220 °C (1.6−2.4 MPa) for 5−10 min in a sealed container. The contents of the container were released to the atmosphere for a sudden decompression. The steam-exploded wood particles were dried to 10% moisture content and pelletized in a single-piston−cylinder system. The pellets were characterized for their mechanical strength, chemical composition, and moisture sorption. The steam-treated wood required 12−81% more energy to compact into pellets than the untreated wood. Pellets made from steam-treated wood had a breaking strength 1.4−3.3 times the strength of pellets made from untreated wood. Steam-treated pellets had a reduced equilibrium moisture content of 2−4% and a reduced expansion after pelletization. There was a slight increase in the high heating value from 18.94 to 20.09 MJ/kg for the treated samples. Steam-treated pellets exhibited a higher lengthwise rigidity compared to untreated pellets.
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The quality of solid fuels for combustion is largely determined by heating value (e.g., 18-20 MJ/kg for wood pellets), low ash and moisture content, which affect combustion efficiency, operational costs, and emissions.
“The quality of these solid fuels for combustion is largely determined by key properties such as their heating value (e.g., 18-20 MJ/kg for wood pellets), along with low ash and moisture content, which collectively affect combustion efficiency, operational costs, and emissions [219,220].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [220]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lam, P. S., Sokhansanj, S., Bi, X., Lim, C. J., & Melin, S.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lam, Pak Sui
- ORCID
- Bi, Xiaotao
- Venue
- Energy & Fuels
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-03-07
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1521-1528
- ISSN
- 0887-0624 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5029
- OpenAlex
- W2012906409
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 24.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy & Fuels (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Wood Residue Utilization and Solid Biofuels
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Forest Biomass Utilization and Management
- Keywords
- steam explosion, Pseudotsuga menziesii, wood pellets, pelletization, energy input, water sorption, equilibrium moisture content, higher heating value, softwood
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