The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Global Distribution of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Wildlife
Abstract
Here we report, for the first time, on the global distribution of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), a fluorinated organic contaminant. PFOS was measured in the tissues of wildlife, including, fish, birds, and marine mammals. Some of the species studied include bald eagles, polar bears, albatrosses, and various species of seals. Samples were collected from urbanized areas in North America, especially the Great Lakes region and coastal marine areas and rivers, and Europe. Samples were also collected from a number of more remote, less urbanized locations such as the Arctic and the North Pacific Oceans. The results demonstrated that PFOS is widespread in the environment. Concentrations of PFOS in animals from relatively more populated and industrialized regions, such as the North American Great Lakes, Baltic Sea, and Mediterranean Sea,were greaterthan those in animals from remote marine locations. Fish-eating, predatory animals such as mink and bald eagles contained concentrations of PFOS that were greater than the concentrations in their diets. This suggests that PFOS can bioaccumulate to higher trophic levels of the food chain. Currently available data indicate that the concentrations of PFOS in wildlife are less than those required to cause adverse effects in laboratory animals.
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In the citing paper
“These substances can accumulate in soil, water bodies, and living organisms, including humans, where they may exert adverse biological effects [4,5].”
From Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Healthcare: Environmental and Clinical Insights (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“PFAS have attracted much attention since the early 2000s, when the ubiquity and potential risk of two most famous PFAS (i.e., legacy PFAS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), were reported (Giesy and Kannan, 2001).”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the marine environment: An overview and prospects (2025) · cites this paper as Giesy and Kannan, 2001
In the citing paper
“PFAS detection in the environment was reported for the first time in the 1990s (Giesy and Kannan, 2001).”
From Per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as a contaminant of emerging concern in surface water: A transboundary review of their occurrences and toxicity effects (2021) · cites this paper as Giesy and Kannan, 2001
In the citing paper
“Per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a general class of man-made chemicals that have been used for almost 70 years, but only since 2001 have some of these been identified as global contaminants [1,2].”
Citations
Cites
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Buck, R. C., Franklin, J., Berger, U., Conder, J. M., Cousins, I. T., de Voogt, P., Jensen, A. A., Kannan, K., Mabury, S. A., & van Leeuwen, S. P. (2011) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.258 · Cited by 4,641
Self-citationSunderland, E. M., Hu, X. C., Dassuncao, C., Tokranov, A. K., Wagner, C. C., & Allen, J. G. (2019) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/s41370-018-0094-1 · Cited by 2,786
Perfluoroalkyl Acids: A Review of Monitoring and Toxicological Findings
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Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates
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Polyfluorinated Compounds: Past, Present, and Future
Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J., & Libelo, E. L. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es2011622 · Cited by 1,628
Metadata
- Authors
- Giesy, J. P., & Kannan, K.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Giesy, John P.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2001-03-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1339-1342
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W1976770880
- Cited by
- 2,750
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 123 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 137 · 2023: 134 · 2022: 143 · 2021: 155 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 109 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 93 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 125 · 2013: 145 · 2012: 117
- FWCI
- 37.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Keywords
- PFOS, global distribution, wildlife contamination, bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, fish, birds, marine mammals, bald eagle, polar bear, albatrosses, seals, Great Lakes, Arctic, North Pacific, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Wild, Ursidae, Birds, Diet, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Tissue Distribution, Food Chain, Seals, Earless
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