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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Aggregation and Sedimentation of Aqueous Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Dispersions

Phenrat, Tanapon, Saleh, Navid, Sirk, Kevin, Tilton, Robert D., Lowry, Gregory V.·2007·Environmental Science & Technology
DOI 10.1021/es061349a
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Abstract

Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) rapidly transforms many environmental contaminants to benign products and is a promising in-situ remediation agent. To be effective, NZVI should form stable dispersions in water such that it can be delivered in water-saturated porous media to the contaminated area. Limited mobility of NZVI has been reported, however, attributed to its rapid aggregation. This study uses dynamic light scattering to investigate the rapid aggregation of NZVI from single nanoparticles to micrometer size aggregates, and optical microscopy and sedimentation measurements to estimate the size of interconnected fractal aggregates formed. The rate of aggregation increased with increasing particle concentration and increasing saturation magnetization (i.e., the maximum intrinsic magnet moment) of the particles. During diffusion limited aggregation the primary particles (average radius = 20 nm) aggregate to micrometer-size aggregates in only 10 min, with average hydrodynamic radii ranging from 125 nm to 1.2 microm at a particle concentration of 2 mg/L (volume fraction(phi= 3.2 x 10(-7)) and 60 mg/L (phi = 9.5 x 10(-6)), respectively. Subsequently, these aggregates assemble themselves into fractal, chain-like clusters. At an initial concentration of just 60 mg/L, cluster sizes reach 20-70 microm in 30 min and rapidly sedimented from solution. Parallel experiments conducted with magnetite and hematite, coupled with extended DLVO theory and multiple regression analysis confirm that magnetic attractive forces between particles increase the rate of NZVI aggregation as compared to nonmagnetic particles.

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Show all 19 references

Research works printed but not linked: 22

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Metadata

Authors
Phenrat, T., Saleh, N., Sirk, K., Tilton, R. D., & Lowry, G. V.
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2006-12-01
Volume
41
Issue
1
Pages
284-290
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
DOI
10.1021/es061349a
OpenAlex
W2030671184
Cited by
1,084
References
19
FWCI
17.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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