The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Five Decades of Experience
Abstract
The first experiments on the use of wetland plants to treat wastewaters were carried out in the early 1950s by Dr. Käthe Seidel in Germany and the first full-scale systems were put into operation during the late 1960s. Since then, the subsurface systems have been commonly used in Europe while free water surface systems have been more popular in North America and Australia. During the 1970s and 1980s, the information on constructed wetland technology spread slowly. But since the 1990 s the technology has become international, facilitated by exchange among scientists and researchers around the world. Because of the need for more effective removal of ammonia and total nitrogen, during the 1990 s and 2000s vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetlands were combined to complement each other to achieve higher treatment efficiency. Today, constructed wetlands are recognized as a reliable wastewater treatment technology and they represent a suitable solution for the treatment of many types of wastewater.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital
Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O'Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387253a0 · Cited by 22,585
Kolpin, D. W., Furlong, E. T., Meyer, M. T., Thurman, E. M., Zaugg, S. D., Barber, L. B., & Buxton, H. T. (2002) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es011055j · Cited by 7,953
Do macrophytes play a role in constructed treatment wetlands?
Brix, H. (1997) · Water Science and Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.1997.0154 · Cited by 1,216
Kadlec, R. H., & Wallace, S. (2008) · doi:10.1201/9781420012514 · Cited by 1,009
Cited by
Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
Vymazal, J. (2010) · Water · doi:10.3390/w2030530 · Cited by 1,208
Self-citationEmergent plants used in free water surface constructed wetlands: A review
Vymazal, J. (2013) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.06.023 · Cited by 503
Self-citationA review of green remediation strategies for heavy metal contaminated soil
Wang, L., Rinklebe, J., Tack, F. M. G., & Hou, D. (2021) · Soil Use and Management · doi:10.1111/sum.12717 · Cited by 317
Stefanakis, A. I., & Tsihrintzis, V. A. (2012) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.11.108 · Cited by 305
Zhang, D.-Q., Jinadasa, K. B. S. N., Gersberg, R. M., Liu, Y., Tan, S. K., & Ng, W. J. (2015) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2014.10.013 · Cited by 176
Metadata
- Authors
- Vymazal, J.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2010-08-26
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 61-69
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2051225228
- Cited by
- 1,242
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 49.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Five Decades of Experience. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/es101403q
- The paper
- Vymazal, J. (2011). Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Five Decades of Experience. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es101403q
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
