The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Iodide, Bromide, and Ammonium in Hydraulic Fracturing and Oil and Gas Wastewaters: Environmental Implications
Abstract
The expansion of unconventional shale gas and hydraulic fracturing has increased the volume of the oil and gas wastewater (OGW) generated in the U.S. Here we demonstrate that OGW from Marcellus and Fayetteville hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids and Appalachian conventional produced waters is characterized by high chloride, bromide, iodide (up to 56 mg/L), and ammonium (up to 420 mg/L). Br/Cl ratios were consistent for all Appalachian brines, which reflect an origin from a common parent brine, while the I/Cl and NH4/Cl ratios varied among brines from different geological formations, reflecting geogenic processes. There were no differences in halides and ammonium concentrations between OGW originating from hydraulic fracturing and conventional oil and gas operations. Analysis of discharged effluents from three brine treatment sites in Pennsylvania and a spill site in West Virginia show elevated levels of halides (iodide up to 28 mg/L) and ammonium (12 to 106 mg/L) that mimic the composition of OGW and mix conservatively in downstream surface waters. Bromide, iodide, and ammonium in surface waters can impact stream ecosystems and promote the formation of toxic brominated-, iodinated-, and nitrogen disinfection byproducts during chlorination at downstream drinking water treatment plants. Our findings indicate that discharge and accidental spills of OGW to waterways pose risks to both human health and the environment.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-1-28473-5 · Cited by 3,828
RICHARDSON, S., PLEWA, M., WAGNER, E., SCHOENY, R., & DEMARINI, D. (2007) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.09.001 · Cited by 3,317
Camargo, J. A., & Alonso, Á. (2006) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2006.05.002 · Cited by 2,248
Occurrence of a new generation of disinfection byproducts†
Krasner, S. W., Weinberg, H. S., Richardson, S. D., Pastor, S. J., Chinn, R., Sclimenti, M. J., Onstad, G. D., & Thruston, A. D. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es060353j · Cited by 1,633
Aqueous Ammonia Equilibrium Calculations: Effect of pH and Temperature
Emerson, K., Russo, R. C., Lund, R. E., & Thurston, R. V. (1975) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f75-274 · Cited by 1,529
Vengosh, A., Jackson, R. B., Warner, N., Darrah, T. H., & Kondash, A. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es405118y · Cited by 1,495
Self-citationImpact of Shale Gas Development on Regional Water Quality
Vidic, R. D., Brantley, S. L., Vandenbossche, J. M., Yoxtheimer, D., & Abad, J. D. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1235009 · Cited by 1,406
Randall, D. J., & Tsui, T. K. N. (2002) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0025-326x(02)00227-8 · Cited by 1,052
Haloacetonitriles vs. Regulated Haloacetic Acids: Are Nitrogen-Containing DBPs More Toxic?
Muellner, M. G., Wagner, E. D., McCalla, K., Richardson, S. D., Woo, Y.-T., & Plewa, M. J. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0617441 · Cited by 751
Occurrence and Mammalian Cell Toxicity of Iodinated Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water
Richardson, S. D., Fasano, F., Ellington, J. J., Crumley, F. G., Buettner, K. M., Evans, J. J., Blount, B. C., Silva, L. K., Waite, T. J., Luther, G. W., et al. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es801169k · Cited by 655
The Evaporation Path of Seawater and the Coprecipitation of Br- and K+ with Halite
M. A. McCaffrey, B. L. (1987) · SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research · doi:10.1306/212f8cab-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d · Cited by 570
Plewa, M. J., Muellner, M. G., Richardson, S. D., Fasano, F., Buettner, K. M., Woo, Y.-T., McKague, A. B., & Wagner, E. D. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es071754h · Cited by 556
Warner, N. R., Jackson, R. B., Darrah, T. H., Osborn, S. G., Down, A., Zhao, K., White, A., & Vengosh, A. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1121181109 · Cited by 528
Self-citationImpacts of Shale Gas Wastewater Disposal on Water Quality in Western Pennsylvania
Warner, N. R., Christie, C. A., Jackson, R. B., & Vengosh, A. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es402165b · Cited by 527
Self-citationGeochemical evaluation of flowback brine from Marcellus gas wells in Pennsylvania, USA
Haluszczak, L. O., Rose, A., & Kump, L. R. (2012) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.10.002 · Cited by 513
Produced water volumes and management practices in the United States.
Clark, C. E., & Veil, J. A. (2009) · doi:10.2172/1007397 · Cited by 450
The Environmental Costs and Benefits of Fracking
Jackson, R. B., Vengosh, A., Carey, J. W., Davies, R. J., Darrah, T. H., O'Sullivan, F., & Pétron, G. (2014) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-031113-144051 · Cited by 447
Self-citationGeochemistry of Oilfield Waters
(1975) · Developments in petroleum science · doi:10.1016/s0376-7361(08)x7011-6 · Cited by 394
Shale gas development impacts on surface water quality in Pennsylvania
Olmstead, S. M., Muehlenbachs, L. A., Shih, J.-S., Chu, Z., & Krupnick, A. J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1213871110 · Cited by 379
Mitch, W. A., & Sedlak, D. L. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es035025n · Cited by 367
Self-citationAnkley, G. T., Katko, A., & Arthur, J. W. (1990) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5620090307 · Cited by 197
Parker, K. M., Zeng, T., Harkness, J., Vengosh, A., & Mitch, W. A. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es5028184 · Cited by 187
Self-citationSalinization and Saline Environments
Vengosh, A. (2014) · Treatise on Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00909-8 · Cited by 180
Self-citationVengosh, A., Starinsky, A., Kolodny, Y., Chivas, A. R., & Raab, M. (1992) · Geology · doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0799:bivdfe>2.3.co;2 · Cited by 165
Self-citationWarner, N. R., Kresse, T. M., Hays, P. D., Down, A., Karr, J. D., Jackson, R. B., & Vengosh, A. (2013) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013 · Cited by 150
Self-citationWilliams, L. B., Ferrell, R. E., Hutcheon, I. D., Bakel, A. J., Walsh, M. M., & Krouse, H. R. (1995) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)00005-k · Cited by 142
Yang, X. Y., & Shang, C. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es049580g · Cited by 132
Wilson, J. M., & VanBriesen, J. M. (2012) · Environmental Practice · doi:10.1017/s1466046612000427 · Cited by 118
Jones, D. B., Sağlam, A., Song, H., & Karanfil, T. (2011) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.005 · Cited by 116
Deep Fluids in Sedimentary Basins
Kharaka, Y. K., & Hanor, J. S. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00516-7 · Cited by 106
Lüders, V., Plessen, B., Romer, R. L., et al. (2010) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.06.006 · Cited by 102
Geochemistry and isotope chemistry of Ca Na Cl brines in Silurian strata, Michigan Basin, U.S.A.
Wilson, T. P., & Long, D. T. (1993) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/0883-2927(93)90079-v · Cited by 99
Marcellus Shale drilling and brominated THMs in Pittsburgh, Pa., drinking water
States, S. J., Cyprych, G., Stoner, M., Wydra, F., Kuchta, J., Monnell, J. D., & Casson, L. W. (2013) · American Water Works Association · doi:10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0093 · Cited by 67
Wu, Q., Hu, H., Zhao, X. H., & Li, Y. (2010) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.005 · Cited by 56
Effect of ammonia on the formation of THMs and HAAs in secondary effluent chlorination
Sun, Y., Wu, Q., Hu, H., & Tian, J. (2009) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.041 · Cited by 54
Environmental effects of saline oil-field discharges on surface waters
Boelter, A. M., Lamming, F. N., Farag, A. M., et al. (1992) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5620110815 · Cited by 41
Cited by
Estrada, J. M., & Bhamidimarri, R. (2016) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.051 · Cited by 429
Water Footprint of Hydraulic Fracturing
Kondash, A., & Vengosh, A. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00211 · Cited by 258
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Harkness, J. S., Dwyer, G. S., Warner, N. R., Parker, K. M., Mitch, W. A., & Vengosh, A.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-01-14
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1955-1963
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2322678579
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 28.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
