The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Modeled Environmental Concentrations of Engineered Nanomaterials (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, CNT, Fullerenes) for Different Regions
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are already used in many products and consequently released into environmental compartments. In this study, we calculated predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) based on a probabilistic material flow analysis from a life-cycle perspective of ENM-containing products. We modeled nano-TiO(2), nano-ZnO, nano-Ag, carbon nanotubes (CNT), and fullerenes for the U.S., Europe and Switzerland. The environmental concentrations were calculated as probabilistic density functions and were compared to data from ecotoxicological studies. The simulated modes (most frequent values) range from 0.003 ng L(-1) (fullerenes) to 21 ng L(-1) (nano-TiO(2)) for surface waters and from 4 ng L(-1) (fullerenes) to 4 microg L(-1) (nano-TiO(2)) for sewage treatment effluents. For Europe and the U.S., the annual increase of ENMs on sludge-treated soil ranges from 1 ng kg(-1) for fullerenes to 89 microg kg(-1) for nano-TiO(2). The results of this study indicate that risks to aquatic organisms may currently emanate from nano-Ag, nano-TiO(2), and nano-ZnO in sewage treatment effluents for all considered regions and for nano-Ag in surface waters. For the other environmental compartments for which ecotoxicological data were available, no risks to organisms are presently expected.
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Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects
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Benn, T. M., & Westerhoff, P. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es7032718 · Cited by 1,710
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da Costa, J. P., Santos, P. S. M., Duarte, A. C., & Rocha-Santos, T. (2016) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.041 · Cited by 1,139
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Gottschalk, F., Sun, T., & Nowack, B. (2013) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.003 · Cited by 1,092
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gottschalk, F., Sonderer, T., Scholz, R. W., & Nowack, B.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2009-11-09
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 9216-9222
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2037360063
- Cited by
- 2,388
- References
- 25
- FWCI
- 44.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Gottschalk, F., Sonderer, T., Scholz, R. W., & Nowack, B. (2009). Modeled Environmental Concentrations of Engineered Nanomaterials (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, CNT, Fullerenes) for Different Regions. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9015553
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