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Intercalation of Few-Layer Graphite Flakes with FeCl3: Raman Determination of Fermi Level, Layer by Layer Decoupling, and Stability
Open accessAbstract
We use anhydrous ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) to intercalate graphite flakes consisting of 2-4 graphene layers and to dope graphene monolayers. The intercalant, staging, stability, and doping of the resulting intercalation compounds (ICs) are characterized by Raman scattering. The G peak of heavily doped monolayer graphene upshifts to ∼1627 cm(-1). The 2-4 layer ICs have similar upshifts, and a Lorentzian line shape for the 2D band, indicating that each layer behaves as a decoupled heavily doped monolayer. By performing Raman measurements at different excitation energies, we show that, for a given doping level, the 2D peak can be suppressed by Pauli blocking for laser energy below the doping level. Thus, multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy allows a direct measurement of the Fermi level, complementary to that derived by performing measurements at fixed excitation energy significantly higher than the doping level. This allows us to estimate a Fermi level shift of up to ∼0.9 eV. These ICs are thus ideal test-beds for the physical and chemical properties of heavily doped graphenes.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhao, W., Tan, P. H., Liu, J., & Ferrari, A. C.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-03-24
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 5941-5946
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- OpenAlex
- W2073171182
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 10.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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