Quantification of Flavoring Constituents in Cinnamon: High Variation of Coumarin in Cassia Bark from the German Retail Market and in Authentic Samples from Indonesia
Abstract
Coumarin is a flavoring which can cause hepatotoxicity in experimental animals and in a proportion of the human population. The tolerable daily intake (TDI) may be exceeded in consumers with high intake of cinnamon containing high levels of coumarin. The objective of this study was to determine these levels in cinnamon samples and to identify possible factors influencing them. A HPLC method to quantify coumarin and related constituents (cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, eugenol) in a single run was used. Results found in 47 cinnamon powder samples obtained from the German retail market confirmed high levels of coumarin in cassia cinnamon. A huge variation was observed in stick samples from two packages (range from below the limit of detection to about 10000 mg/kg). Cassia bark samples of five trees received directly from Indonesia were analyzed additionally. Interestingly, a high variation was observed in one of the trees, whereas no coumarin was detected in the samples of two other trees. In conclusion, coumarin levels in cassia cinnamon can vary widely even within a single tree.
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Chinese cinnamon contains high level of coumarin, a potentially harmful molecule.
“Chinese cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia or Cinnamomum aromaticum), coming from China and Southern and Eastern Asia, is more widely used, notably in food, but it contains high level of coumarin, a potentially harmful molecule [18]”
Coumarin is a potentially toxic molecule [18].
“coumarin, a potentially toxic molecule [18]”
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- Authors
- Woehrlin, F., Fry, H., Abraham, K., & Preiss-Weigert, A.
- Affiliations
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) (DE)
- ORCID
- Abraham, Klaus
- Venue
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2010-09-20
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 10568-10575
- ISSN
- 0021-8561 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5118
- OpenAlex
- W2071106024
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 6.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OpenAgrar (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant chemical constituents analysis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Biochemical and biochemical processes
- Keywords
- coumarins, cinnamon, hepatotoxicity, tolerable daily intake, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, eugenol, cinnamon powder, German retail market
- MeSH terms
- Acrolein, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Cinnamates, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Coumarins, Eugenol, Germany, Indonesia, Reproducibility of Results, Propanols, Plant Bark, Cinnamomum aromaticum
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