Heterogenized “Ligand-Free” Lanthanide Catalysts for the Homo- and Copolymerization of Ethylene and 1,3-Butadiene
Abstract
Silica-supported lanthanide catalysts have been prepared from the reaction of dehydroxylated silica and tris(bistrimethylsilyl)amido lanthanides Ln[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 (Ln = Sc, Y, La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy). On activation with Al i Bu 3 (TIBA), the compounds catalyze the polymerization of ethylene, with the scandium catalyst showing the highest activity. There is an inverse relationship between ionic radius of the lanthanide metal and the activity of the resulting catalyst. The polymer produced was highly linear and of high molecular weight. Activation with magnesium alkyls was less effective but gave polyethylene of slightly higher molecular weight. The supported lanthanides, when activated with TIBA, were also active for the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene, with very high molecular weight polymers being produced. In all cases the polymer was found to be predominately 1,4-cis (typically 85−90% by diad analysis), with only scandium producing a much higher level of 1,4-trans units. The system was also shown to copolymerize ethylene and butadiene, with large differences in the polymeric products depending on the both the choice of the lanthanide and the feed ratio of the monomer. With both neodymium and dysprosium multiblock polymers consisting of 1,4-cis, 1,4-trans, and ethylene blocks were obtained. With scandium two distinct modes of polymerization were detected, with both multiblock 1,4-cis and a somewhat alternating ethylene/1,4-trans block structure observed in the 13 C NMR spectra.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
The Search for New-Generation Olefin Polymerization Catalysts: Life beyond Metallocenes
Britovsek, G. J. P., Gibson, V. C., & Wass, D. F. (1999) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(19990215)38:4 · Cited by 1,768 · see citing works
Heterogeneous Single-Site Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization
Hlatky, G. G. (2000) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr9902401 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Organolanthanides in catalysis
Watson, P. L., & PARSHALL, G. W. (1985) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar00110a004 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Jeske, G., Lauke, H., Mauermann, H., Swepston, P. N., Schumann, H., & Marks, T. J. (1985) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00312a050 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Bradley, D. C., Ghotra, J. S., & Hart, F. A. (1973) · Journal of the Chemical Society Dalton Transactions · doi:10.1039/dt9730001021 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Propene Polymerization with Silica-Supported Metallocene/MAO Catalysts
Fink, G., Steinmetz, B., Zechlin, J., Przybyla, C., & Tesche, B. (2000) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr9804689 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Self-citationJeske, G., Schock, L. E., Swepston, P. N., Schumann, H., & Marks, T. J. (1985) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00312a051 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Burger, B. J., Thompson, M. E., Cotter, W. D., & Bercaw, J. E. (1990) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00160a041 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Surface Characterization and Functionalization of MCM-41 Silicas via Silazane Silylation
Anwander, R., Nagl, I., Widenmeyer, M., Engelhardt, G., Groeger, O., Palm, C., & Röser, T. (2000) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp993108d · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Homogeneous Chromium Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization
Theopold, K. H. (1998) · European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(199801)1998:1 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Cationic Scandium Methyl Complexes Supported by a β-Diketiminato (“Nacnac”) Ligand Framework
Hayes, P. G., Piers, W. E., & McDonald, R. (2002) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja017128g · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Arndt, S. K., Spaniol, T. P., & Okuda, J. (2003) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200352532 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Hajela, S., Schaefer, W. P., & Bercaw, J. E. (1997) · Journal of Organometallic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0022-328x(96)06768-x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Zhou, S., Wang, S.-W., Yang, G.-S., Liu, X.-Y., Sheng, E.-H., Zhang, K.-H., Cheng, L., & Huang, Z.-X. (2003) · Polyhedron · doi:10.1016/s0277-5387(03)00042-1 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Taube, R., Windisch, H., Maiwald, S., Hemling, H., & Schumann, H. (1996) · Journal of Organometallic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-328x(95)05854-i · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Long, D. P., & Bianconi, P. A. (1996) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja962169b · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Ballard, D. G. H., Courtis, A., Holton, J., McMeeking, J., & Pearce, R. (1978) · Journal of the Chemical Society Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c39780000994 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Taube, R., Maiwald, S., & Sieler, J. (2001) · Journal of Organometallic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00858-5 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Crystalline alternating ethylene‐butadiene copolymers
Natta, G., Zambelli, A., Pasquon, I., & Ciampelli, F. (1964) · Die Makromolekulare Chemie · doi:10.1002/macp.1964.020790115 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Increasing the Ketone Selectivity of the Cobalt-Catalyzed Radical Chain Oxidation of Cyclohexane
Nowotny, M., Pedersen, L. N., Hanefeld, U., & Maschmeyer, T. (2002) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/1521-3765(20020816)8:16 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Grafting of versatile lanthanide silylamide precursors onto mesoporous MCM-41
Anwander, R., & Roesky, R. (1997) · Journal of the Chemical Society Dalton Transactions · doi:10.1039/a607391c · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Soga, K., Chen, S.-I., & Ohnishi, R. (1982) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/bf00265270 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Lanthanide Ziegler−Natta Model: Aluminum-Mediated Chain Transfer
Klimpel, M. G., Eppinger, J., Sirsch, P., Scherer, W., & Anwander, R. (2002) · Organometallics · doi:10.1021/om020440u · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Burton, N. C., Cloke, F. G. N., Hitchcock, P. B., de Lemos, H. C., & Sameh, A. A. (1989) · Journal of the Chemical Society Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c39890001462 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Llauro, M. F., Monnet, C., Barbotin, F., Monteil, V., Spitz, R., & Boisson, C. (2001) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma010421g · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Galimberti, M., Albizzati, E., Abis, L., & Bacchilega, G. (1991) · Die Makromolekulare Chemie · doi:10.1002/macp.1991.021921106 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Niegisch, W. D., Crisafulli, S. T., Nagel, T. S., & Wagner, B. E. (1992) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma00041a014 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Lanthanidocene Catalysts for the Homo‐ and Copolymerization of Ethylene with Butadiene
Boisson, C., Monteil, V., Ribour, D., Spitz, R., & Barbotin, F. (2003) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.200350037 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The Dual-Site Alternating Cyclocopolymerization of 1,3-Butadiene with Ethylene
Choo, T. N., & Waymouth, R. M. (2003) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja034603x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Longo, P., Pragliola, S., Milano, G., & Guerra, G. (2003) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja028462v · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Layer Stripping for the Helmholtz Equation
Sylvester, J., Winebrenner, D. P., & Gylys-Colwell, F. (1996) · SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics · doi:10.1137/s0036139995280257 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Surface Confined Ketyl Radicals via Samarium(II)-Grafted Mesoporous Silicas
Nagl, I., Widenmeyer, M., Grasser, S., Köhler, K., & Anwander, R. (2000) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja9932535 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Monteil, V., Spitz, R., Barbotin, F., & Boisson, C. (2004) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.200300206 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Pragliola, S., Costabile, C., Magrino, M., Napoli, M., & Longo, P. (2003) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma0351064 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Scandium methyl surface species via SOMC on MCM-41 silica
Nagl, I., Widenmeyer, M., Herdtweck, E., Raudaschl‐Sieber, G., & Anwander, R. (2001) · Microporous and Mesoporous Materials · doi:10.1016/s1387-1811(01)00197-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Gas phase polymerization of butadiene—kinetics, particle size distribution, modeling
Zoellner, K., & Reichert, K. (2001) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(01)00080-x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Ethylene‐butadiene copolymers, 1. Preparation with modified vanadium catalysts
Bruzzone, M., Carbonaro, A., & Corno, C. (1978) · Die Makromolekulare Chemie · doi:10.1002/macp.1978.021790906 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Gromada, J., Chenal, T., Mortreux, A., Carpentier, J., Ziller, J. W., & Leising, F. (2000) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b006941h · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ethylene polymerization catalyzed by rare earth calixarene catalytic system
Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Shen, Z., Kou, R.-Q., & Chen, L. (2001) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/s0014-3057(00)00248-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Taube, R., Windisch, H., Hemling, H., & Schumann, H. (1998) · Journal of Organometallic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0022-328x(97)00753-5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Gromada, J., Mortreux, A., Nowogrocki, G., Leising, F., Mathivet, T., & Carpentier, J. (2004) · European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ejic.200400036 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Gromada, J., Chenal, T., Mortreux, A., Leising, F., & Carpentier, J. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical · doi:10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00507-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cucinella, S., Chirico, A. D., & Mazzei, A. (1976) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/0014-3057(76)90139-7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Berndt, H., & Landmesser, H. (2003) · Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical · doi:10.1016/s1381-1169(02)00623-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Copolymerization of ethylene and butadiene with supported titanium catalyst
Sun, L., Lu, Z., Lu, Y., & Lin, S. (1988) · Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics · doi:10.1002/polb.1988.090261007 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ermakov, Y. I., Захаров, В. А., & Kushnareva, E. G. (1971) · Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1 Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1002/pol.1971.150090315 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Bruzzone, M., Giuliani, G., & Paiella, R. (1978) · Die Makromolekulare Chemie · doi:10.1002/macp.1978.021790907 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Landmesser, H., Berndt, H., Müller, D., & Kunath, D. (2000) · Studies in surface science and catalysis · doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(00)80627-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Copéret, C., Comas‐Vives, A., Conley, M. P., Estes, D. P., Fedorov, A., Mougel, V., Nagae, H., Núñez‐Zarur, F., & Zhizhko, P. A. (2016) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00373 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Rare-Earth Metals and Aluminum Getting Close in Ziegler-Type Organometallics
Fischbach, A., & Anwander, R. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/12_093 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Synthesis and Deconstruction of Polyethylene-type Materials
Schwab, S. T., Baur, M., Nelson, T. F., & Mecking, S. (2024) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00587 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Polymerization of 1,3-Conjugated Dienes with Rare-Earth Metal Precursors
Zhang, Z., Cui, D., Wang, B., Liu, B., & Yang, Y. (2010) · Structure and bonding · doi:10.1007/430_2010_16 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Chemically Recyclable Ester-Linked Polypropylene
Kocen, A. L., Cui, S., Lin, T.-W., LaPointe, A. M., & Coates, G. W. (2022) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.2c04499 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Nanostructured catalysts via metal amide-promoted smart grafting
Liang, Y., & Anwander, R. (2013) · Dalton Transactions · doi:10.1039/c3dt51346g · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Wu, C., Liu, B., Lin, F., Wang, M., & Cui, D. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201702128 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Well-Defined Silica-Supported Rare-Earth Silylamides
Gauvin, R. M., Delevoye, L., Hassan, R. A., Keldenich, J., & Mortreux, A. (2007) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ic0610334 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Xia, J. G., Song, J., Zhang, J., Ni, X., & Jian, Z. (2019) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00195 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
New perspectives in organolanthanide chemistry from redox to bond metathesis: insights from theory
Kefalidis, C. E., Castro, L., Perrin, L., Rosal, I. D., & Maron, L. (2016) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c5cs00907c · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Lukešová, L., Ward, B. D., Bellemin‐Laponnaz, S., Wadepohl, H., & Gade, L. H. (2007) · Organometallics · doi:10.1021/om700504f · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Grafted lanthanide amides: Versatile catalysts for various transformations
Gauvin, R. M., Chenal, T., Hassan, R. A., Addad, A., & Mortreux, A. (2006) · Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2006.04.022 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Installing a Trigger to Upcycle High-Density Polyethylene
Nan, T., Chen, Q., Zheng, Z., Liang, Y., Qin, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, B., & Cui, D. (2024) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08958 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Lukešová, L., Ward, B. D., Bellemin‐Laponnaz, S., Wadepohl, H., & Gade, L. H. (2007) · Dalton Transactions · doi:10.1039/b700269f · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Martins, N. M. R., Bonnet, F., & Visseaux, M. (2014) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2014.07.056 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Rosal, I. D., Poteau, R., & Maron, L. (2011) · Dalton Transactions · doi:10.1039/c1dt10567a · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Eedugurala, N., Wang, Z., Yan, K., Boteju, K. C., Chaudhary, U., Kobayashi, T., Ellern, A. M., Slowing, I. I., Pruski, M., & Sadow, A. D. (2017) · Organometallics · doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00956 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Silica-Supported, Single-Site Sc and Y Alkyls for Catalytic Hydrogenation of Propylene
Getsoian, A. “., Hu, B., Miller, J. T., & Hock, A. S. (2017) · Organometallics · doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00623 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Belaid, I., Macqueron, B., Poradowski, M.-N., Bouaouli, S., Thuilliez, J., Boisson, F., Monteil, V., D’Agosto, F., Perrin, L., & Boisson, C. (2019) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.9b02620 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Poirier, V., Duc, M., Carpentier, J., & Sarazin, Y. (2010) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201000021 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationTolpygin, A. O., Linnikova, O. A., Glukhova, T. A., Cherkasov, A. V., Fukin, G. K., & Trifonov, A. A. (2016) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c5ra27960g · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Rosal, I. D., Gerber, I. C., Poteau, R., & Maron, L. (2015) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c5nj01645b · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Silica-Grafted Lanthanum Benzyl Species: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Applications
Vancompernolle, T., Valente, A., Chenal, T., Zinck, P., Rosal, I. D., Maron, L., Taoufik, M., Harder, S., & Gauvin, R. M. (2017) · Organometallics · doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00538 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Immobilization of Molecular Catalysts
Anwander, R. (2008) · Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis · doi:10.1002/9783527610044.hetcat0029 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ethene-1,3-butadiene copolymerizations in the presence of CpTiCl3–MAO: Relevance of the cocatalyst
Pellegrino, M., Costabile, C., Grisi, F., & Pragliola, S. (2008) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.05.027 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sun, B., & Liu, B. (2024) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00580 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Evans, W. J., Lorenz, S. E., & Ziller, J. W. (2007) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b709841c · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Synthesis of Highcis-1,4-BR with Neodymium for the Manufacture of Tires
Méndez-Hernández, M. L., Rivera‐Armenta, J. L., Páramo-García, U., Corona-Galván, S., García-Alamilla, R., & Salazar-Cruz, B. A. (2016) · International Journal of Polymer Science · doi:10.1155/2016/7239540 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bis(arylimino)pyridyl cobalt catalysts for copolymerization of buta-1,3-diene with ethene
Železník, O., & Merna, J. (2019) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.025 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Surface Organolanthanide and ‐Actinide Chemistry
Roux, E. L., & Anwander, R. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527627097.ch12 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Andrea, T., Neverov, A. A., & Brown, R. S. (2010) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie1008458 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jain, N., Houard, F. V., Marchal, R., Cordier≈, M., Guennic, B. L., Suffren, Y., Sarazin, Y., & Bernot, K. (2024) · ChemistryEurope · doi:10.1002/ceur.202400062 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, L., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., Wu, C., & Cui, D. (2021) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.1c04976 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Rosal, I. D., Yahia, A., & Maron, L. (2016) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01238 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Copolymerization of Ethylene with Conjugated Dienes
Belaid, I., Monteil, V., & Boisson, C. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119242277.ch18 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Moinet, E. C., Tardif, O., Hornberger, L.-S., Adams, F., Maichle‐Mößmer, C., & Anwander, R. (2023) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.3c02247 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
cis‐1,4‐Selective Copolymerization of Ethylene and Butadiene: A Compromise between Two Mechanisms
Wu, C., Liu, B., Lin, F., Wang, M., & Cui, D. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201702128 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Triisobutylaluminium-promoted formation of lanthanide hydrides
Moinet, E. C., Tardif, O., Maichle‐Mößmer, C., & Anwander, R. (2023) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d3cc01330h · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Guo, H., Bi, J. F., Wu, Q., Wang, J. Y., Shi, W., Zhang, X. Q., Jiang, S., & Wu, Z. (2017) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c7ra01249g · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Guo, H., Bi, J., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Jiang, S., & Wu, Z. (2017) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.028 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sun, B., Wu, C., & Cui, D. (2025) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5c02506 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rightmire, N. R., Quisenberry, K. T., & Hanusa, T. P. (2014) · Organometallics · doi:10.1021/om5004573 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bathelier, A., Martinez, D. M., Maron, L., Dinoi, C., & Rosal, I. D. (2020) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202001056 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Accessing Degradable Polyethylenes via Catalytic Ethylene Copolymerization
Chen, M., & Tang, S. (2026) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.71033 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tris[1,1,1-trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)silanaminato]-yttrium
Matsunaga, S. (2008) · Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis · doi:10.1002/047084289x.rn00787
Synthèse d’élastomères de performance par copolymérisation de l’éthylène et de diènes conjugués
Belaid, I. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e0a00274z37a3z40e1zb957zd9ae962d4d94
- Authors
- Woodman, T. J., Sarazin, Y., Fink, G., Hauschild, K., & Bochmann, M.
- Affiliations
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bochmann, Manfred
- Venue
- Macromolecules
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2005-03-18
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3060-3067
- ISSN
- 0024-9297 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5835
- OpenAlex
- W1989271464
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Macromolecules (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Thermal and Electric Energy Technology Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Keywords
- lanthanide catalysts, ligand-free catalyst, silica-supported catalysts, ethylene polymerization, 1,3-butadiene polymerization, multiblock copolymers, scandium catalyst, neodymium catalyst, ionic radius effect, catalytic activity, polymer molecular weight
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review