The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Two-Phase Electrochemical Lithiation in Amorphous Silicon
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized portable electronics and will be a key to electrifying transport vehicles and delivering renewable electricity. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is being intensively studied as a high-capacity anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Its lithiation has been widely thought to occur through a single-phase mechanism with gentle Li profiles, thus offering a significant potential for mitigating pulverization and capacity fade. Here, we discover a surprising two-phase process of electrochemical lithiation in a-Si by using in situ transmission electron microscopy. The lithiation occurs by the movement of a sharp phase boundary between the a-Si reactant and an amorphous Li(x)Si (a-Li(x)Si, x ~ 2.5) product. Such a striking amorphous-amorphous interface exists until the remaining a-Si is consumed. Then a second step of lithiation sets in without a visible interface, resulting in the final product of a-Li(x)Si (x ~ 3.75). We show that the two-phase lithiation can be the fundamental mechanism underpinning the anomalous morphological change of microfabricated a-Si electrodes, i.e., from a disk shape to a dome shape. Our results represent a significant step toward the understanding of the electrochemically driven reaction and degradation in amorphous materials, which is critical to the development of microstructurally stable electrodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries
Tarascon, J.-M., & Armand, M. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35104644 · Cited by 21,130
Electrical energy storage for the grid: A battery of choices
Dunn, B., Kamath, H., & Tarascon, J.-M. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1212741 · Cited by 15,072
Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries
Goodenough, J. B., & Kim, Y. (2010) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm901452z · Cited by 10,943
High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires
Chan, C. K., Peng, H., Liu, G., McIlwrath, K., Zhang, X. F., Huggins, R. A., & Cui, Y. (2008) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.411 · Cited by 6,683
Lithium Batteries: Status, Prospects and Future
Scrosati, B., & Garche, J. (2010) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.11.048 · Cited by 5,153
Nano- and bulk-silicon-based insertion anodes for lithium-ion secondary cells
Kasavajjula, U., Wang, C., & Appleby, A. J. (2007) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.084 · Cited by 2,491
Size-Dependent Fracture of Silicon Nanoparticles During Lithiation
Liu, X. H., Zhong, L., Huang, S., Mao, S. X., Zhu, T., & Huang, J. Y. (2012) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn204476h · Cited by 2,376
Self-citationHigh-performance lithium-ion anodes using a hierarchical bottom-up approach
Magasinski, A., Dixon, P., Hertzberg, B., Kvit, A., Ayala, J., & Yushin, G. (2010) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2725 · Cited by 2,044
In Situ Observation of the Electrochemical Lithiation of a Single SnO 2 Nanowire Electrode
Huang, J. Y., Zhong, L., Wang, C. M., Sullivan, J. P., Xu, W., Zhang, L. Q., Mao, S. X., Hudak, N. S., Liu, X. H., Subramanian, A., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1195628 · Cited by 1,563
Self-citationSize Dependent Fracture of Silicon Nanoparticles during Lithiation.
Huang, J., Liu, X., Zhong, L. S., Huang, S., Mao, S. X., & Zhu, T. (2011) · Nano Letters · Cited by 1,316
Self-citationColossal Reversible Volume Changes in Lithium Alloys
Beaulieu, L. Y., Eberman, K. W., Turner, R. L., Krause, L. J., & Dahn, J. R. (2001) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.1388178 · Cited by 1,241
Cui, L.-F., Ruffo, R., Chan, C. K., Peng, H., & Cui, Y. (2009) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl8036323 · Cited by 1,187
Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the crystal to glass transformation in metallic materials
Johnson, W. L. (1986) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/0079-6425(86)90005-8 · Cited by 1,115
In Situ XRD and Electrochemical Study of the Reaction of Lithium with Amorphous Silicon
Hatchard, T. D., & Dahn, J. R. (2004) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1739217 · Cited by 1,113
Anisotropic Swelling and Fracture of Silicon Nanowires during Lithiation
Liu, X. H., Zheng, H., Zhong, L., Huang, S., Karki, K., Zhang, L. Q., Liu, Y., Kushima, A., Liang, W. T., Wang, J. W., et al. (2011) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl201684d · Cited by 809
Self-citationReal-Time NMR Investigations of Structural Changes in Silicon Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Key, B., Bhattacharyya, R., Morcrette, M., Seznéc, V., Tarascon, J.-M., & Grey, C. P. (2009) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja8086278 · Cited by 752
In situ atomic-scale imaging of electrochemical lithiation in silicon
Liu, X. H., Wang, J. W., Huang, S., Fan, F., Huang, X., Liu, Y., Krylyuk, S., Yoo, J., Dayeh, S. A., Davydov, A. V., et al. (2012) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.170 · Cited by 657
Self-citationReaction of Li with Alloy Thin Films Studied by In Situ AFM
Beaulieu, L. Y., Hatchard, T. D., Bonakdarpour, A., Fleischauer, M. D., & Dahn, J. R. (2003) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1613668 · Cited by 628
McDowell, M. T., Ryu, I., Lee, S. W., Wang, C., Nix, W. D., & Cui, Y. (2012) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201202744 · Cited by 626
Limthongkul, P., Jang, Y.-I., Dudney, N. J., & Chiang, Y. (2003) · Acta Materialia · doi:10.1016/s1359-6454(02)00514-1 · Cited by 511
Anomalous Shape Changes of Silicon Nanopillars by Electrochemical Lithiation
Lee, S. W., McDowell, M. T., Choi, J. W., & Cui, Y. (2011) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl201787r · Cited by 449
Fracture of crystalline silicon nanopillars during electrochemical lithium insertion
Lee, S. W., McDowell, M. T., Berla, L. A., Nix, W. D., & Cui, Y. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1201088109 · Cited by 432
Polyamorphism in a metallic glass
Sheng, H. W., Liu, H. Z., Cheng, Y. Q., Wen, J., Lee, P. L., Luo, W. K., Shastri, S. D., & Ma, E. (2007) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat1839 · Cited by 416
In Situ TEM Experiments of Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation of Individual Nanostructures
Liu, X. H., Liu, Y., Kushima, A., Zhang, S., Zhu, T., Li, J., & Huang, J. Y. (2012) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201200024 · Cited by 408
Self-citationZhao, K., Pharr, M., Wan, Q., Wang, W. L., Kaxiras, E., Vlassak, J. J., & Suo, Z. (2011) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.020203jes · Cited by 307
Wang, C.-M., Li, X., Wang, Z., Xu, W., Liu, J., Gao, F., Kovarik, L., Zhang, J.-G., Howe, J., Burton, D. J., et al. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl204559u · Cited by 277
Goldman, J. L., Long, B. R., Gewirth, A. A., & Nuzzo, R. G. (2011) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201002487 · Cited by 207
In Situ Electrochemical Lithiation/Delithiation Observation of Individual Amorphous Si Nanorods
Ghassemi, H., Au, M., Chen, N., Heiden, P. A., & Yassar, R. S. (2011) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn2029814 · Cited by 167
He, Y., Yu, X., Li, G., Wang, R., Li, H., Wang, Y., Gao, H., & Huang, X. (2012) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.105 · Cited by 137
Self-citationAtomistic mechanisms of lithium insertion in amorphous silicon
Huang, S., & Zhu, T. (2010) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.155 · Cited by 132
Self-citationVisual Observations of the Amorphous-Amorphous Transition in H 2 O Under Pressure
Mishima, O., Takemura, K., & Aoki, K. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.254.5030.406 · Cited by 120
Cited by
Koerver, R., Zhang, W., de Biasi, L., Schweidler, S., Kondrakov, A. O., Kolling, S., Brezesinski, T., Hartmann, P., Zeier, W. G., & Janek, J. (2018) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c8ee00907d · Cited by 872
Schroder, K., Alvarado, J., Yersak, T. A., Li, J., Dudney, N., Webb, L. J., Meng, Y. S., & Stevenson, K. J. (2015) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01627 · Cited by 454
Li, J.-Y., Xu, Q., Li, G., Yin, Y.-X., Wan, L.-J., & Guo, Y.-G. (2017) · Materials Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/c6qm00302h · Cited by 384
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, J. W., He, Y., Fan, F., Liu, X. H., Xia, S., Liu, Y., Harris, C. T., Li, H., Huang, J. Y., Mao, S. X., & Zhu, T.
- Venue
- Nano Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2013-01-17
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 709-715
- ISSN
- 1530-6984 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6992
- OpenAlex
- W2030627888
- Cited by
- 451
- References
- 31
- FWCI
- 31.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
