The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
High-Concentration, Surfactant-Stabilized Graphene Dispersions
Abstract
A method is presented to produce graphene dispersions, stabilized in water by the surfactant sodium cholate, at concentrations up to 0.3 mg/mL. The process uses low power sonication for long times (up to 400 h) followed by centrifugation to yield stable dispersions. The dispersed concentration increases with sonication time while the best quality dispersions are obtained for centrifugation rates between 500 and 2000 rpm. Detailed TEM analysis shows the flakes to consist of 1-10 stacked monolayers with up to 20% of flakes containing just one layer. The average flake consists of approximately 4 stacked monolayers and has length and width of approximately 1 mum and approximately 400 nm, respectively. These dimensions are surprisingly stable under prolonged sonication. However, the mean flake length falls from approximately 1 mum to approximately 500 nm as the centrifugation rate is increased from 500 to 5000 rpm. Raman spectroscopy shows the flake bodies to be relatively defect-free for centrifugation rates below 2000 rpm. The dispersions can be easily cast into high-quality, free-standing films. The method extends the scope for scalable liquid-phase processing of graphene for a wide range of applications.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Geim, A. K., & Novoselov, K. S. (2007) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat1849 · Cited by 39,979
Graphene: Status and Prospects
Geim, A. K. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1158877 · Cited by 13,942
Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide
Stankovich, S., Dikin, D. A., Piner, R. D., Kohlhaas, K. A., Kleinhammes, A., Jia, Y., Wu, Y., Nguyen, S. T., & Ruoff, R. S. (2007) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2007.02.034 · Cited by 13,878
Graphene-based composite materials
Stankovich, S., Dikin, D. A., Dommett, G. H. B., Kohlhaas, K. M., Zimney, E. J., Stach, E. A., Piner, R. D., Nguyen, S. T., & Ruoff, R. S. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04969 · Cited by 12,922
Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets
Li, D., Müller, M. B., Gilje, S., Kaner, R. B., & Wallace, G. G. (2008) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.451 · Cited by 9,114
High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite
Hernandez, Y., Nicolosi, V., Lotya, M., Blighe, F. M., Sun, Z., De, S., McGovern, I. T., Holland, B., Byrne, M., Gun'Ko, Y. K., et al. (2008) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2008.215 · Cited by 6,285
Self-citationRaman spectroscopy in graphene
Malard, L. M., Pimenta, M. A., Dresselhaus, G., & Dresselhaus, M. S. (2009) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2009.02.003 · Cited by 6,059
Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper
Dikin, D. A., Stankovich, S., Zimney, E. J., Piner, R. D., Dommett, G. H. B., Evmenenko, G., Nguyen, S. T., & Ruoff, R. S. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06016 · Cited by 5,594
Raman Spectra of Graphite Oxide and Functionalized Graphene Sheets
Kudin, K. N., Ozbas, B., Schniepp, H. C., Prud'homme, R. K., Aksay, I. A., & Car, R. (2008) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl071822y · Cited by 4,475
Transparent, Conductive Graphene Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Wang, X., Zhi, L., & Müllen, K. (2008) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl072838r · Cited by 4,467
Cited by
Thermal properties of graphene and nanostructured carbon materials
Balandin, A. A. (2011) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3064 · Cited by 6,244
Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems
Ferrari, A. C., Bonaccorso, F., Fal'ko, V., Novoselov, K. S., Roche, S., Bøggild, P., Borini, S., Koppens, F. H. L., Palermo, V., Pugno, N., et al. (2015) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c4nr01600a · Cited by 3,027
Self-citationGeorgakilas, V., Perman, J. A., Tucek, J., & Zboril, R. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr500304f · Cited by 2,147
A review on mechanical exfoliation for the scalable production of graphene
Yi, M., & Shen, Z. (2015) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c5ta00252d · Cited by 1,736
The mechanics of graphene nanocomposites: A review
Young, R. J., Kinloch, I. A., Gong, L., & Novoselov, K. S. (2012) · Composites Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.05.005 · Cited by 1,294
Guo, S., & Dong, S. (2011) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c0cs00079e · Cited by 1,293
Yu, G., Hu, L., Vosgueritchian, M., Wang, H., Xie, X., McDonough, J. R., Cui, X., Cui, Y., & Bao, Z. (2011) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl2013828 · Cited by 1,239
Electrochemistry of Graphene and Related Materials
Ambrosi, A., Chua, C. K., Bonanni, A., & Pumera, M. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr500023c · Cited by 1,208
Grapheneviasonication assisted liquid-phase exfoliation
Ciesielski, A., & Samorì, P. (2014) · Chem. Soc. Rev. · doi:10.1039/c3cs60217f · Cited by 1,207
Large‐Scale Exfoliation of Inorganic Layered Compounds in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions
Smith, R. J., King, P. J., Lotya, M., Wirtz, C., Khan, U., De, S., O'Neill, A., Duesberg, G. S., Grunlan, J. C., Moriarty, G., et al. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201102584 · Cited by 1,161
Self-citationGraphene in Photocatalysis: A Review
Li, X., Yu, J., Wageh, S., Al‐Ghamdi, A. A., & Xie, J. (2016) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201600382 · Cited by 1,153
Chabot, V., Higgins, D., Yu, A., Xiao, X., Chen, Z., & Zhang, J. (2014) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c3ee43385d · Cited by 1,119
Graphene as Transparent Electrode Material for Organic Electronics
Pang, S., Hernandez, Y., Feng, X., & Müllen, K. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201100304 · Cited by 788
Graphene synthesis: relationship to applications
Edwards, R. S., & Coleman, K. S. (2013) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c2nr32629a · Cited by 773
Polymer Nanocomposites—A Comparison between Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Clay as Nanofillers
Bhattacharya, M. (2016) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma9040262 · Cited by 747
Graphene based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites: synthesis, properties and their applications
Khan, M., Tahir, M. N., Adil, S. F., Khan, H. U., Siddiqui, M. R. H., Al-warthan, A. A., & Tremel, W. (2015) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c5ta02240a · Cited by 709
Song, S. H., Park, K. H., Kim, B. H., Choi, Y. W., Jun, G. H., Lee, D. J., Kong, B., Paik, K., & Jeon, S. (2013) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201202736 · Cited by 667
Zhang, A., & Lieber, C. M. (2016) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00608 · Cited by 621
Preparation of High Concentration Dispersions of Exfoliated MoS2 with Increased Flake Size
O’Neill, A., Khan, U., & Coleman, J. N. (2012) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm301515z · Cited by 565
Self-citationMethods of graphite exfoliation
Cai, M., Thorpe, D., Adamson, D. H., & Schniepp, H. C. (2012) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c2jm34517j · Cited by 508
Mahmood, N., Zhang, C., Yin, H., & Hou, Y. (2014) · J. Mater. Chem. A · doi:10.1039/c3ta13033a · Cited by 502
Production of Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials via Liquid‐Based Direct Exfoliation
Niu, L., Coleman, J. N., Zhang, H., Shin, H., Chhowalla, M., & Zheng, Z. (2016) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201502207 · Cited by 502
Self-citationChemical functionalization and characterization of graphene-based materials
Bottari, G., Herranz, M. Á., Wibmer, L., Volland, M., Rodríguez-Pérez, L., Guldi, D. M., Hirsch, A., Martín, N., D'Souza, F., & Torres, T. (2017) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c7cs00229g · Cited by 441
Khan, A. H., Ghosh, S., Pradhan, B., Dalui, A., Shrestha, L. K., Acharya, S., & Ariga, K. (2017) · Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan · doi:10.1246/bcsj.20170043 · Cited by 432
Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Graphene: An Overview on Exfoliation Media, Techniques, and Challenges
Xu, Y., Cao, H., Xue, Y., Li, B., & Cai, W. (2018) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano8110942 · Cited by 423
Du, J., Pei, S., Ma, L., & Cheng, H. (2014) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201304135 · Cited by 400
Flexible graphene devices related to energy conversion and storage
Wang, X., & Shi, G. (2015) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c4ee03685a · Cited by 373
Wan, Y.-J., Tang, L.-C., Yan, D., Zhao, L., Li, Y.-B., Wu, L.-B., Jiang, J.-X., & Lai, G.-Q. (2013) · Composites Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.04.009 · Cited by 358
Solvent-Exfoliated Graphene at Extremely High Concentration
Khan, U., Porwal, H., O’Neill, A., Nawaz, K., May, P., & Coleman, J. N. (2011) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la201797h · Cited by 354
Self-citationAmphiphile nanoarchitectonics: from basic physical chemistry to advanced applications
Ramanathan, M., Shrestha, L. K., Mori, T., Ji, Q., Hill, J. P., & Ariga, K. (2013) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c3cp50620g · Cited by 353
Top-down synthesis of graphene: A comprehensive review
Kumar, N., Salehiyan, R., Chauke, V., Joseph Botlhoko, O., Setshedi, K., Scriba, M., Masukume, M., & Sinha Ray, S. (2021) · FlatChem · doi:10.1016/j.flatc.2021.100224 · Cited by 336
Scalable exfoliation and dispersion of two-dimensional materials – an update
Tao, H., Zhang, Y., Gao, Y., Sun, Z., Yan, C., & Texter, J. (2017) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c6cp06813h · Cited by 317
Size selection of dispersed, exfoliated graphene flakes by controlled centrifugation
Khan, U., O’Neill, A., Porwal, H., May, P., Nawaz, K., & Coleman, J. N. (2012) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.09.001 · Cited by 309
Self-citationFlash Graphene from Plastic Waste
Algozeeb, W. A., Savas, P. E., Luong, D. X., Chen, W., Kittrell, C., Bhat, M., Shahsavari, R., & Tour, J. M. (2020) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c06328 · Cited by 301
Tran, T. S., Dutta, N. K., & Choudhury, N. R. (2018) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cis.2018.09.003 · Cited by 298
Measuring the lateral size of liquid-exfoliated nanosheets with dynamic light scattering
Lotya, M., Rakovich, A., Donegan, J. F., & Coleman, J. N. (2013) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/24/26/265703 · Cited by 273
Self-citationLiang, Y. T., & Hersam, M. C. (2010) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja107661g · Cited by 268
Metadata
- Authors
- Lotya, M., King, P. J., Khan, U., De, S., & Coleman, J. N.
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2010-05-10
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 3155-3162
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W1976470672
- Cited by
- 1,015
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 27.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
