Graphene-based composite materials
Abstract
Graphene sheets--one-atom-thick two-dimensional layers of sp2-bonded carbon--are predicted to have a range of unusual properties. Their thermal conductivity and mechanical stiffness may rival the remarkable in-plane values for graphite (approximately 3,000 W m(-1) K(-1) and 1,060 GPa, respectively); their fracture strength should be comparable to that of carbon nanotubes for similar types of defects; and recent studies have shown that individual graphene sheets have extraordinary electronic transport properties. One possible route to harnessing these properties for applications would be to incorporate graphene sheets in a composite material. The manufacturing of such composites requires not only that graphene sheets be produced on a sufficient scale but that they also be incorporated, and homogeneously distributed, into various matrices. Graphite, inexpensive and available in large quantity, unfortunately does not readily exfoliate to yield individual graphene sheets. Here we present a general approach for the preparation of graphene-polymer composites via complete exfoliation of graphite and molecular-level dispersion of individual, chemically modified graphene sheets within polymer hosts. A polystyrene-graphene composite formed by this route exhibits a percolation threshold of approximately 0.1 volume per cent for room-temperature electrical conductivity, the lowest reported value for any carbon-based composite except for those involving carbon nanotubes; at only 1 volume per cent, this composite has a conductivity of approximately 0.1 S m(-1), sufficient for many electrical applications. Our bottom-up chemical approach of tuning the graphene sheet properties provides a path to a broad new class of graphene-based materials and their use in a variety of applications.
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Ultrasound cavitation results in exfoliation of graphitic clusters, removal of mineral matter, and opening of pores, thereby increasing microporous surface area.
“Ultrasound cavitation results in the exfoliation of the graphitic clusters of the biochar structure, removal of mineral matter, and opening of the pores, thereby increasing microporous surface area.”
From Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on PhysicoChemical Properties and Acoustic-Based Amination of Biochar for Efficient CO2 Adsorption (2020) · cites this paper as Stankovich et al., 2006
Graphene is an excellent supporting matrix for semiconductor nanoparticles because of its superior electron mobility (ca. 4000 cm2 V-1 s-1) and high specific surface area (ca. 2600 m2 g-1).
“graphene (G), a single-layer of graphite, is considered to be an excellent supporting matrix for semiconductor nanoparticles, because of its superior electron mobility (ca. 4000 cm 2 V -1 s -1 ) and high specifi c surface area (ca. 2600 m 2 g -1 ). [ 116-121 ]”
From 2D Transition‐Metal‐Dichalcogenide‐Nanosheet‐Based Composites for Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reactions (2016) · cites this paper as [116]
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- Authors
- Stankovich, S., Dikin, D. A., Dommett, G. H. B., Kohlhaas, K. M., Zimney, E. J., Stach, E. A., Piner, R. D., Nguyen, S. T., & Ruoff, R. S.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nguyen, SonBinh T.
- Ruoff, Rodney S.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2006-07
- Volume
- 442
- Issue
- 7100
- Pages
- 282-286
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2101977779
- Cited by
- 12,922
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 253 · 2025: 340 · 2024: 404 · 2023: 434 · 2022: 499 · 2021: 632 · 2020: 757 · 2019: 834 · 2018: 798 · 2017: 1009 · 2016: 1002 · 2015: 1078 · 2014: 1041 · 2013: 1055 · 2012: 985
- FWCI
- 105.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties
- Keywords
- graphene, polymer matrix composites, graphite exfoliation, electrical conductivity, percolation threshold, graphene dispersion, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes
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