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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Dynamic Biodistribution of Extracellular Vesicles in Vivo Using a Multimodal Imaging Reporter

Open access
Lai, Charles P., Mardini, Osama, Ericsson, Maria, Prabhakar, Shilpa, Maguire, Casey A., Chen, John W., Tannous, Bakhos A., Breakefield, Xandra O.·2014·ACS Nano

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles released by normal and diseased cells as a novel form of intercellular communication and can serve as an effective therapeutic vehicle for genes and drugs. Yet, much remains unknown about the in vivo properties of EVs such as tissue distribution, blood levels, and urine clearance, important parameters that will define their therapeutic effectiveness and potential toxicity. Here we combined Gaussia luciferase and metabolic biotinylation to create a sensitive EV reporter (EV-GlucB) for multimodal imaging in vivo, as well as monitoring of EV levels in the organs and biofluids ex vivo after administration of EVs. Bioluminescence and fluorescence-mediated tomography imaging on mice displayed a predominant localization of intravenously administered EVs in the spleen followed by the liver. Monitoring EV signal in the organs, blood, and urine further revealed that the EVs first undergo a rapid distribution phase followed by a longer elimination phase via hepatic and renal routes within six hours, which are both faster than previously reported using dye-labeled EVs. Moreover, we demonstrate systemically injected EVs can be delivered to tumor sites within an hour following injection. Altogether, we show the EVs are dynamically processed in vivo with accurate spatiotemporal resolution and target a number of normal organs as well as tumors with implications for disease pathology and therapeutic design.

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Crossref · 10.1021/nn404945r

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Metadata

Authors
Lai, C. P., Mardini, O., Ericsson, M., Prabhakar, S., Maguire, C. A., Chen, J. W., Tannous, B. A., & Breakefield, X. O.
Venue
ACS Nano
Published
2014-01-09
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
483-494
ISSN
  • 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
  • 1936-086X
OpenAlex
W2040635479
Cited by
902
References
8
FWCI
13.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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