Structural Defects Play a Major Role in the Acute Lung Toxicity of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Toxicological Aspects
Abstract
Experimental studies indicate that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the potential to induce adverse pulmonary effects, including alveolitis, fibrosis, and genotoxicity in epithelial cells. Here, we explored the physicochemical determinants of these toxic responses with progressively and selectively modified CNTs: ground multiwall CNTs modified by heating at 600 °C (loss of oxygenated carbon functionalities and reduction of oxidized metals) or at 2400 °C (annealing of structural defects and elimination of metals) and by grinding the material that had been heated at 2400 °C before (introduction of structural defects in a metal-deprived framework). The CNTs were administered intratracheally (2 mg/rat) to Wistar rats to evaluate the short-term response (3 days) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (LDH, proteins, cellular infiltration, IL-1β, and TNF-α). The long-term (60 days) lung response was assessed biochemically by measuring the lung hydroxyproline content and histologically. In vitro experiments were also performed on rat lung epithelial cells to assess the genotoxic potential of the modified CNTs with the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay. The results show that the acute pulmonary toxicity and the genotoxicity of CNT were reduced upon heating but restored upon grinding, indicating that the intrinsic toxicity of CNT is mainly mediated by the presence of defective sites in their carbon framework.
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- Authors
- Muller, J., Huaux, F., Fonseca, A., Nagy, J. B., Moreau, N., Delos, M., Raymundo-Piñero, E., Béguin, F., Kirsch-Volders, M., Fenoglio, I., Fubini, B., & Lison, D.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 53.02, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, Laboratoire de Chimie et d’Electrochimie des Surfaces, Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium, Hôpital Universitaire Mont-Godinne, Laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologique, Yvoir, Belgium, CRMD, CNRS-University, 1B Rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans CEDEX 2, France, Laboratorium voor Cellulaire Genetica, Vrije Universiteit...
- Corresponding author
- Lison, Dominique
- ORCID
- Venue
- Chemical Research in Toxicology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2008-07-18
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1698-1705
- ISSN
- 0893-228X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5010
- OpenAlex
- W4254877409
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 18.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemical Research in Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Repository of the University of Namur (submittedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Keywords
- multi-walled carbon nanotubes, structural defects, grinding, genotoxicity, lung epithelial cells, bronchoalveolar lavage, hydroxyproline, cytokines, alveolitis, pulmonary fibrosis, carbon nanotube toxicity
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