The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multicenter phase II trial of temozolomide in patients with glioblastoma multiforme at first relapse
Open accessAbstract
Background Recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is resistant to most therapeutic endeavors, with low response rates and survival rarely exceeding six months. There are no clearly established chemotherapeutic regimens and the aim of treatment is palliation with improvement in the quality of life.Patients and methods We report an open-label, uncontrolled, multicenter phase II trial of temozolomide in 138 patients (intent-to-treat [ITT] population) with glioblastoma multiforme at first relapse and a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) > or = 70. One hundred twenty-eight patients were histologically confirmed with GBM or gliosarcoma (GS) by independent central review. Chemotherapy-naïve patients were treated with temozolomide 200 mg/m2/day orally for the first five days of a 28-day cycle. Patients previously treated with nitrosourea-containing adjuvant chemotherapy received 150 mg/m2/day for the first five days of a 28-day cycle. In the absence of grade 3 or 4 toxicity, patients on the 150 mg/m2 dose schedule were eligible for a 200 mg/m2 dose on the next cycle.Results The primary endpoint was six-month progression-free survival assessed with strict radiological and clinical criteria. Secondary endpoints included radiological response and Health-related Quality of Life (HQL). Progression-free survival at six months was 18% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11%-26%) for the eligible-histology population. Median progression-free survival and median overall survival were 2.1 months and 5.4 months, respectively. The six-month survival rate was 46%. The objective response rate (complete response and partial response) determined by independent central review of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans was 8% for both the ITT and eligible-histology populations, with an additional 43% and 45% of patients, respectively, having stable disease (SD). Objectively assessed response and maintenance of a progression-free status were both associated with HQL benefits (characterized by improvements over baseline in HQL domains). Temozolomide had an acceptable safety profile, with only 9% of therapy cycles requiring a dose reduction due to thrombocytopenia. There was no evidence of cumulative hematologic toxicity.Conclusions Temozolomide demonstrated modest clinical efficacy, with an acceptable safety profile and measurable improvement in quality of life in patients with recurrent GBM. The use of this drug should be explored further in an adjuvant setting and in combination with other agents.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The average historical TTP is 9.5 ± 1.6 weeks.
“and the average historical TTP is 9.5 ± 1.6 weeks.”
From Alternating electric fields arrest cell proliferation in animal tumor models and human brain tumors (2007) · cites this paper as [26]
The average historical PFS6 based on the above studies is 15.3 ± 3.8%.
“The average historical PFS6 based on the above studies is 15.3 ± 3.8%”
From Alternating electric fields arrest cell proliferation in animal tumor models and human brain tumors (2007) · cites this paper as [26]
The average historical OS is 29.3 ± 6 weeks.
“OS averaged 29.3 ± 6 weeks (see SI Table 2).”
From Alternating electric fields arrest cell proliferation in animal tumor models and human brain tumors (2007) · cites this paper as [26]
Efficacy analysis was performed for 10 recurrent GBM patients by comparing TTP, PFS6, and OS in recurrent GBM patients treated with the NovoTTF-100A device with the TTP, PFS6, and OS of recurrent GBM patients in a literature based historical control group.
“Efficacy analysis was performed for 10 recurrent GBM patients by comparing TTP, PFS6, and OS in recurrent GBM patients treated with the NovoTTF-100A device with the TTP, PFS6, and OS of recurrent GBM patients in a literature based historical control group (10, 25–28).”
From Alternating electric fields arrest cell proliferation in animal tumor models and human brain tumors (2007) · cites this paper as [26]
Citations
Cites
Aaronson, N. K., Ahmedzai, S., Bergman, B., Bullinger, M., Cull, A., Duez, N. J., Filiberti, A., Flechtner, H., Fleishman, S. B., Haes, J. C. J. M. D., et al. (1993) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/85.5.365 · Cited by 16,005
Response criteria for phase II studies of supratentorial malignant glioma.
Macdonald, D. R., Cascino, T. L., Schold, S. C., & Cairncross, J. G. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1990.8.7.1277 · Cited by 2,409
Self-citationYung, W. K. A., Albright, R. E., Olson, J., Fredericks, R., Fink, K., Prados, M. D., Brada, M., Spence, A., Hohl, R. J., Shapiro, W., et al. (2000) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1316 · Cited by 929 · cited 2×
“We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of single-agent temozolomide, an oral imidazotetrazine recently introduced for the management of malignant glioma at recurrence [19, 21, 22, 28, 29].”
BackgroundSelf-citationYung, W. K. A., Prados, M. D., Yayá, R., Rosenfeld, S. S., Brada, M., Friedman, H. S., Albright, R. E., Olson, J. J., Chang, S. M., O'Neill, A. M., et al. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1999.17.9.2762 · Cited by 756
Self-citationGrøenvold, M., Klee, M., Sprangers, M. A. G., & Aaronson, N. K. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00428-3 · Cited by 494
O'Reilly, S. M., Newlands, E. S., Brampton, M., Glaser, M. G., Rice-Edwards, J. M., Illingworth, R. D., Richards, P. G., Christopher Kennard, C., Colquhoun, I. R., Lewis, P. D., et al. (1993) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(05)80198-4 · Cited by 275
Multicentre CRC phase II trial of temozolomide in recurrent or progressive high-grade glioma
Bower, M., Newlands, E. S., Bleehen, N. M., Brada, M., Beǵent, R. H. J., Calvert, H., Colquhoun, I. R., Lewis, P., & Brampton, M. (1997) · Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002800050691 · Cited by 218
Self-citationOsoba, D., Brada, M., Yung, W. K. A., & Prados, M. D. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2000.18.7.1481 · Cited by 209
Self-citationBrada, M., Judson, I. R., Beale, P. J., Moore, S., Reidenberg, P., Statkevich, P., Dugan, M. H., Batra, V., & Cutler, D. L. (1999) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6690802 · Cited by 208
Self-citationThe charing cross hospital experience with temozolomide in patients with gliomas
Newlands, E. S., O'Reilly, S. M., Glaser, M. G., Bower, M., Evans, H. S., Brock, C., Brampton, M., Colquhoun, I. R., Lewis, P. D., Rice-Edwards, J. M., et al. (1996) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(96)00258-4 · Cited by 157
Osoba, D., Aaronson, N. K., Muller, M. J., Sneeuw, K. C. A., Hsu, M.-A., Yung, W. K. A., Brada, M., & Newlands, E. S. (1997) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1023/a:1005790632126 · Cited by 143
Self-citationTreatment of recurrent malignant gliomas with chronic oral high-dose tamoxifen.
Couldwell, W. T., Hinton, D. R., Surnock, A. A., DeGiorgio, C. M., Weiner, L. P., Apuzzo, M. L. J., Masri, L. E., Law, R. E., & Weiss, M. H. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 126
Treatment of recurrent high grade astrocytoma; results of a systematic review of 1,415 patients.
Huncharek, M. S., & Muscat, J. E. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 115
Potentiation of temozolomide and BCNU cytotoxicity by O6-benzylguanine: a comparative study in vitro
Wedge, S. R., Porteous, J. K., May, B., & Newlands, E. S. (1996) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1996.85 · Cited by 95
Molecular changes during the genesis of human gliomas
Sehgal, A. (1998) · Seminars in Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2388(199801/02)14:1 · Cited by 94
A phase II study of intravenous carboplatin for the treatment of recurrent gliomas
Warnick, R. E., Prados, M. D., Mack, E. E., Chandler, K. L., Doz, F., Rabbitt, J. E., & Malec, M. K. (1994) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/bf01051050 · Cited by 92
Brandes, A. A., Ermani, M., Turazzi, S., Scelzi, E., Berti, F., Amistà, P., Rotilio, A., Licata, C., & Fiorentino, M. V. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1999.17.2.645 · Cited by 84
Newton, H. B., Junck, L., Bromberg, J., Page, M. A., & Greenberg, H. S. (1990) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.40.11.1743 · Cited by 78
Porschen, R., Lohe, B., Hengels, K. J., & Borchard, F. (1989) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19891215)64:12 · Cited by 75
Treatment of recurrent malignant supratentorial gliomas with carboplatin (CBDCA)
Poisson, M., P�r�on, Y., Jacques Chiras, C., & Delattre, J. (1991) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/bf00146875 · Cited by 70
Malignant glioma: Should chemotherapy be overthrown by experimental treatments?
Hösli, P., Sappino, A. P., de Tribolet, N., & Dietrich, P. (1998) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1023/a:1008267312782 · Cited by 69
Self-citationTsang, L. L. H., Farmer, P. B., Gescher, A., & Slack, J. A. (1990) · Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02994094 · Cited by 65
Chemotherapy for brain tumors.
Pech, I., Peterson, K. M., & Cairncross, J. G. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 64
Adult T-cell leukemia. Chromosome analysis of 15 cases
Miyamoto, K., Sato, J., Kitajima, K., Togawa, A., Suemaru, S., Sanada, H., & Tanaka, T. (1983) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19830801)52:3 · Cited by 50
Spence, A. M., Berger, M., Livingston, R. B., Ali‐Osman, F., & Griffin, B. R. (1992) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/bf00172671 · Cited by 35
Kyritsis, A. P., Yung, W. K. A., Jaeckle, K. A., Bruner, J., Gleason, M. J., Ictech, S. E., Flowers, A., & Levin, V. A. (1996) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1097/00006123-199611000-00006 · Cited by 32
Self-citationGalanis, E., Buckner, J. C., Burch, P. A., Schaefer, P. L., Dinapoli, R. P., Novotny, P. J., Scheithauer, B. W., Rowland, K. M., Vukov, A. M., Mailliard, J. A., et al. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1998.16.9.2953 · Cited by 29
Aspiration cytology in the staging of urologic cancer
Piscioli, F., Scappini, P., & Luciani, L. (1985) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19850901)56:5 · Cited by 28
Clinical trial end points in malignant glioma: need for effective trial design strategy.
Brada, M., & Yung, W. K. A. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 28
Self-citationHildebrand, J. G., Witte, O. D., & Sahmoud, T. (1998) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1023/a:1005952925378 · Cited by 25
Janinis, J., Efstathiou, E., Panopoulos, C. G., Samantas, E., Aravantinos, G., Christodoulou, C., & Skarlos, D. V. (2000) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/bf02796204 · Cited by 19
Nitrosoureas: a reappraisal of clinical trials.
Katz, M. E., & Jh, G. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 14
Phase II study on cisplatin and ifosfamide in recurrent high grade gliomas
van den Bent, M. J., Schellens, J. H. M., Vecht, C. J., Smitt, P. A. E. S., Loosveld, O. J. L., Ma, J., Tijssen, C. C., Jansen, R. L. H., Kros, J. M., & Verweij, J. (1998) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(98)00138-5 · Cited by 11
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 35 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Rodier, 1996, Fotemustine (F) and cisplatin (P) association in patients with recurrent malignant glioma, Proc ASCO, 15, A292
- Brada, 1999, Phase I dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study of temozolomide (SCH 52365) for refractory or relapsing malignancies, Br J Cancer, 81, 1022, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690802 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Stupp, R., Hegi, M. E., Mason, W. P., van den Bent, M. J., TAPHOORN, M. J. B., Janzer, R. C., Ludwin, S. K., Allgeier, A., Fisher, B., Bélanger, K., et al. (2009) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70025-7 · Cited by 7,905
Self-citationWen, P. Y., & Kesari, S. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra0708126 · Cited by 3,511
Bevacizumab plus Radiotherapy–Temozolomide for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Chinot, O. L., Wick, W., Mason, W. P., Henriksson, R., Saran, F. H., Nishikawa, R., Carpentier, A. F., Hoang‐Xuan, K., Kavan, P., Cernea, D. M., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1308345 · Cited by 2,653
Self-citationAlternating electric fields arrest cell proliferation in animal tumor models and human brain tumors
Kirson, E. D., Dbalý, V., Tovaryš, F., Vymazal, J., Soustiel, J. F., Itzhaki, A., Mordechovich, D., Steinberg-Shapira, S., Gurvich, Z., Schneiderman, R., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0702916104 · Cited by 894
Stupp, R., Wong, E. T., Kanner, A. A., Steinberg, D., Engelhard, H., Heidecke, V., Kirson, E. D., Taillibert, S., Liebermann, F., Dbalý, V., et al. (2012) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2012.04.011 · Cited by 862
Self-citationStupp, R., Dietrich, P.-Y., Ostermann, S., Pica, A., Maillard, I. P., Maeder, P., Meuli, R. A., Janzer, R. C., Pizzolato, G., Miralbell, R., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2002.20.5.1375 · Cited by 857
Self-citationStandards of care for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma—are we there yet?
Weller, M., Cloughesy, T. F., Perry, J., & Wick, W. (2012) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos273 · Cited by 766
Chemoradiotherapy in Malignant Glioma: Standard of Care and Future Directions
Stupp, R., Hegi, M. E., Gilbert, M. R., & Chakravarti, A. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.11.8554 · Cited by 531
Self-citationOstermann, S., Csajka, C., Buclin, T., Leyvraz, S., Lejeune, F. J., Decosterd, L. A., & Stupp, R. (2004) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0807 · Cited by 521
Self-citationOmuro, A., Vlahovic, G., Lim, M., Sahebjam, S., Baehring, J., Cloughesy, T., Voloschin, A., Ramkissoon, S. H., Ligon, K. L., Latek, R., et al. (2018) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/nox208 · Cited by 486
Phase I/II Trial of Intravenous NDV-HUJ Oncolytic Virus in Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme
Freeman, A. I., Zakay‐Rones, Z., Gomori, J. M., Linetsky, E., Rasooly, L., Greenbaum, E., Rozenman-Yair, S., Panet, A., Libson, E., Irving, C. S., et al. (2005) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.08.016 · Cited by 407
Phase II Trial of Continuous Dose-Intense Temozolomide in Recurrent Malignant Glioma: RESCUE Study
Perry, J., Bélanger, K., Mason, W. P., Fulton, D. S., Kavan, P., Easaw, J. C., Shields, C., Kirby, S., Macdonald, D., Eisenstat, D. D., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.26.5520 · Cited by 379
Self-citationWen, P. Y., Stein, A., van den Bent, M. J., Greve, J. D., Wick, A., Vos, F. D., von Bubnoff, N., van Linde, M. E., Lai, A., Prager, G. W., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00578-7 · Cited by 377
Changing Paradigms—An Update on the Multidisciplinary Management of Malignant Glioma
Stupp, R., Hegi, M. E., van den Bent, M. J., Mason, W. P., Weller, M., Mirimanoff, R. O., & Cairncross, J. G. (2006) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.11-2-165 · Cited by 372
Self-citationHealth-related quality of life in patients with glioblastoma: a randomised controlled trial
TAPHOORN, M. J. B., Stupp, R., Coens, C., Osoba, D., Kortmann, R. D., van den Bent, M. J., Mason, W. P., Mirimanoff, R. O., Baumert, B. G., Eisenhauer, E. A., et al. (2005) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(05)70432-0 · Cited by 326
Self-citationNonsurgical Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma
Gallego, O. S. (2015) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3747/co.22.2436 · Cited by 296
Quinn, J. A., Desjardins, A., WEINGART, J. D., Brem, H., Dolan, M. E., Delaney, S. M., Vredenburgh, J. J., Rich, J. N., Friedman, A. H., Reardon, D. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.06.502 · Cited by 288
Athanassiou, H., Synodinou, M., Maragoudakis, E., Paraskevaidis, M., Verigos, C., Misailidou, D., Antonadou, D., Saris, G., Beroukas, K., & Karageorgis, P. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.00.331 · Cited by 272
Vleeschouwer, S. D., Fieuws, S., Rutkowski, S., Calenbergh, F. V., Loon, J. V., Goffin, J., Sciot, R., Wilms, G., Demaerel, P., Warmuth‐Metz, M., et al. (2008) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4875 · Cited by 269
“Prognosis after relapse is even worse (2, 3), with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 2 months, and virtually all patients being”
BackgroundPhase II study of primary temozolomide chemotherapy in patients with WHO grade II gliomas
Brada, M., Viviers, L., Abson, C., Hines, F., Britton, J., Ashley, S. E., Sardell, S., Traish, D., Gonsalves, A., Wilkins, P. R., et al. (2003) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdg371 · Cited by 261
“The 35% response rate in WHO grade III astrocytoma (anaplastic astrocytoma) [5] in comparison with a 6–8% response rate in grade IV tumours (glioblastoma multiforme) [6, 7] suggests a possible trend of increasing efficacy in lower grade tumours previously noted for nitrosourea-containing chemotherapy [8].”
MethodResultSelf-citationPaz, M. F., Yayá, R., Rojas-Marcos, I., Reynés, G., Pollán, M., Aguirre‐Cruz, L., García-Lopez, J. L., Piquer, J., Safont, M. J., Balañá, C., et al. (2004) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0392 · Cited by 260
Current Standards of Care in Glioblastoma Therapy
Fernandes, C. D., Costa, A., Osório, L., Lago, R. C., Linhares, P., Carvalho, B., & Caeiro, C. (2017) · Codon Publications eBooks · doi:10.15586/codon.glioblastoma.2017.ch11 · Cited by 268
“In both trials leading to the approval of TMZ, the sdTMZ schedule was used (126, 127).”
BackgroundMethodCurrent and future developments in the use of temozolomide for the treatment of brain tumours
Stupp, R., Gander, M., Leyvraz, S., & Newlands, E. S. (2001) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(01)00489-2 · Cited by 254
Self-citationTemozolomide Versus Procarbazine, Lomustine, and Vincristine in Recurrent High-Grade Glioma
Brada, M., Stenning, S. P., Gabe, R., Thompson, L. C., Levy, D., Rampling, R., Erridge, S., Saran, F. H., Gattamaneni, R., Hopkins, K., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.1932 · Cited by 248
“In a single-arm phase II study, the 6-month PFS in 138 patients with GBM was 18%.(8) These findings formed the basis for accelerated approval of TMZ by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1999.”
Self-citationAntiangiogenic therapies for high-grade glioma
Norden, A. D., Drappatz, J., & Wen, P. Y. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.159 · Cited by 253
Current management of glioblastoma multiforme
Grossman, S. A., & Batara, J. F. (2004) · Seminars in Oncology · doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.07.005 · Cited by 243
Paediatric and adult malignant glioma: close relatives or distant cousins?
Jones, C., Perryman, L., & Hargrave, D. R. (2012) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.87 · Cited by 247
Brandes, A. A., Tosoni, A., Cavallo, G., Bertorelle, R., Gioia, V., Franceschi, E., Biscuola, M., Blatt, V., Crinò, L., & Ermani, M. (2006) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603376 · Cited by 226
“In the three available studies investigating this regimen in this setting, PFS-6 was 21% (Yung et al, 2000) (CI:13– 29%), 18% (Brada et al, 2001) (CI:11–24%), and 24% (Brandes et al, 2002) (CI:14–42%).”
BackgroundInfluentialIzumoto, S., Tsuboi, A., Oka, Y., Suzuki, T., Hashiba, T., Kagawa, N., Hashimoto, N., Maruno, M., Elisseeva, O. A., Shirakata, T., et al. (2008) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns/2008/108/5/0963 · Cited by 215
Phase 1 trial of a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide for patients with recurrent glioblastoma1
Carpentier, A. C., Laigle–Donadey, F., Zohar, S., Capelle, L., Béhin, A., Tibi, A., Martin-Duverneuil, N., Sanson, M., Lacomblez, L., Taillibert, S., et al. (2006) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1215/s1522851705000475 · Cited by 212
“These figures compare favorably with previous trials using temozolomide, in which median survival was around six months, and one-year survival was less than 15% (Brada et al., 2001; Yung et al., 2000).”
BackgroundResultOptimal role of temozolomide in the treatment of malignant gliomas
Stupp, R., van den Bent, M. J., & Hegi, M. E. (2005) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-005-0047-7 · Cited by 205
Self-citationBrain Co‐Delivery of Temozolomide and Cisplatin for Combinatorial Glioblastoma Chemotherapy
Zou, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, S., Liu, Y., Yin, J., Lovejoy, D. B., Zheng, M., Liang, X., Park, J. B., Efremov, Y. M., et al. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202203958 · Cited by 204
Tentori, L., Leonetti, C., Scarsella, M., d’Amati, G., Vergati, M., Portarena, I., Xu, W., Kalish, V. J., Zupi, G., Zhang, J., et al. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 204
Therapeutic options in recurrent glioblastoma—An update
Seystahl, K., Wick, W., & Weller, M. (2016) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.01.018 · Cited by 211
“A single-arm phase II trial in 126 patients led to a PFS-6 rate of 18% [45].”
Nicholson, H. S., Kretschmar, C. S., Krailo, M., Bernstein, M. L., KADOTA, R. P., Fort, D. W., Friedman, H. S., Harris, M. B., Tedeschi‐Blok, N., Mazewski, C., et al. (2007) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.22961 · Cited by 195
“Hematological Thrombocytopenia None 60 (51) 43 (48) 2 28 (24) 30 (34) 3 13 (11) 6 (7) 4 16 (14) 10 (11) Neutropenia None 67 (57) 52 (58) 2 28 (24) 23 (26) 3 7 (6) 8 (9) 4 15 (13) 6 (7) Nonhematological Nausea None 65 (56) 59 (66) 2 47 (40) 29 (33) 3 5 (4) 1 (1) 4 0 0 (0) Vomiting None 68 (58) 56 (63) 2 46 (39) 31 (35)…”
The role of imaging in the management of progressive glioblastoma
Ryken, T. C., Aygün, N., Morris, J., Schweizer, M. L., Nair, R., Spracklen, C. N., Kalkanis, S. N., & Olson, J. J. (2014) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-013-1330-0 · Cited by 198
Friedman, L., & Glover, G. H. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.012 · Cited by 191
Prevalence of symptoms in glioma patients throughout the disease trajectory: a systematic review
IJzerman-Korevaar, M., Snijders, T. J., de Graeff, A., Teunissen, S. C. C. M., & Vos, F. D. (2018) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-018-03015-9 · Cited by 190
Brandes, A. A., Tosoni, A., Franceschi, E., Reni, M., Gatta, G., & Vecht, C. J. (2008) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.02.005 · Cited by 174
Imatinib and hydroxyurea in pretreated progressive glioblastoma multiforme: a patient series
Dresemann, G. P. (2005) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdi317 · Cited by 173
“These results are comparable with published studies in investigational trials with recurrent or relapsed GBM patients [1, 4, 41, 42].”
BackgroundResultRutkowski, S., Vleeschouwer, S. D., Kaempgen, E., Wolff, J. E. A., Kühl, J., Demaerel, P., Warmuth‐Metz, M., Flamen, P., Calenbergh, F. V., Plets, C., et al. (2004) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602195 · Cited by 169
“The prognosis at time of relapse is even worse (Finlay et al, 1995; Nieder et al, 2000; Brada et al, 2001; Tamber and Rutka, 2003; Rich et al, 2004).”
BackgroundHenriksson, R., Asklund, T., & Poulsen, H. S. (2011) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-011-0565-x · Cited by 164
“, global, motor dysfunction, emotional function, drowsiness, future uncertainty, and communication deficit, until eventual disease progression [38–40].”
BackgroundSelf-citationSchwarzmaier, H., Eickmeyer, F., von Tempelhoff, W., Fiedler, V. U., Niehoff, H., Ulrich, S. D., Yang, Q., & Ulrich, F. (2006) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.05.010 · Cited by 156
“1 months [6,7].”
BackgroundAdvances in Glioblastoma Multiforme Treatment: New Models for Nanoparticle Therapy
Ozdemir-Kaynak, E., Qutub, A. A., & Yeşil-Çeliktaş, Ö. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00170 · Cited by 161
“In 1999, Temozolomide, the oral chemotherapy drug was granted accelerated approval by the FDA to treat anaplastic astrocytoma (a form of high-grade glioma) (Yung et al., 1999; Brada et al., 2001).”
BackgroundSurvival benefit of Boron neutron capture therapy for recurrent malignant gliomas
Miyatake, S., Kawabata, S., Yokoyama, K., Kuroiwa, T., Michiue, H., Sakurai, Y., Kumada, H., Suzuki, M., Maruhashi, A., Kirihata, M., et al. (2008) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-008-9699-x · Cited by 154
“In the literature, TMZ has actually shown modest survival benefit at relapse of recurrent GBM [19].”
BackgroundCentral nervous system gliomas
Reni, M., Mazza, E. A., Zanon, S. M., Gatta, G., & Vecht, C. J. (2017) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.03.021 · Cited by 158
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Kawabata, S., Miyatake, S., Kuroiwa, T., Yokoyama, K., Doi, A., Kyoko, I. I. D. A., Miyata, S., Nonoguchi, N., Michiue, H., Takahashi, M., et al. (2009) · Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.1269/jrr.08043 · Cited by 150
Ardon, H., Gool, S. V., Lopes, I. S., Maes, W., Sciot, R., Wilms, G., Demaerel, P., Bijttebier, P., Claes, L., Goffin, J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-010-0131-y · Cited by 147
“At the time of relapse, the prognosis is even worse and virtually all patients are dead within 18 months after relapse [2–5].”
BackgroundSmall molecule kinase inhibitors in glioblastoma: a systematic review of clinical studies
Hamer, P. C. D. W. (2010) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/nop068 · Cited by 148
Therapeutic options for recurrent malignant glioma
Niyazi, M., Siefert, A., Schwarz, S. B., Ganswindt, U., Kreth, F.-W., Tonn, J., & Belka, C. (2010) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2010.11.006 · Cited by 145
Norden, A. D., & Wen, P. Y. (2006) · The Neurologist · doi:10.1097/01.nrl.0000250928.26044.47 · Cited by 142
Han, K., Ren, M., Wick, W., Abrey, L. E., Das, A., Jin, J., & Reardon, D. A. (2013) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/not236 · Cited by 141
Schaich, M. A., Kestel, L., Pfirrmann, M., Robel, K., Illmer, T., Krämer, M., Dill, C., Ehninger, G., Schackert, G., & Krex, D. (2008) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn548 · Cited by 133
“It is effective in glioblastoma treatment as shown for recurrent glioblastoma first [4, 5] and, recently, in a prospective randomized trial conducted by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trial Group (CTG), for newly diagno…”
MethodHow effective is BCNU in recurrent glioblastoma in the modern era?
Brandes, A. A., Tosoni, A., Amistà, P., Nicolardi, L., Grosso, D., Berti, F., & Ermani, M. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000140495.33615.ca · Cited by 131
Improved Brain Penetration and Antitumor Efficacy of Temozolomide by Inhibition of ABCB1 and ABCG2
de Gooijer, M. C., de Vries, N. A., Buckle, T., Buil, L. C. M., Beijnen, J. H., Boogerd, W., & van Tellingen, O. (2018) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1016/j.neo.2018.05.001 · Cited by 136
Ananda, S., Nowak, A. K., Cher, L., Dowling, A., Brown, C., Simes, J., & Rosenthal, M. A. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2011.02.026 · Cited by 116
Recent developments in the use of chemotherapy in brain tumours
van den Bent, M. J., Hegi, M. E., & Stupp, R. (2006) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2005.06.031 · Cited by 123
Self-citationKeles, G. E., Lamborn, K. R., Chang, S. M., Prados, M. D., & Berger, M. S. (2004) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.2004.100.1.0041 · Cited by 120
Blood-brain barrier, cytotoxic chemotherapies and glioblastoma
Dréan, A., Goldwirt, L., Verreault, M., Canney, M. S., Schmitt, C., Guehennec, J., Delattre, J., Carpentier, A. C., & Idbaïh, A. (2016) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2016.1202761 · Cited by 127
Reoperation for Recurrent High-Grade Glioma
Hervey‐Jumper, S. L., & Berger, M. S. (2014) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000000486 · Cited by 117
“After several years of use and initially promising results, temozolomide monotherapy at recurrence led to stability of disease in only 5% of patients.(34) Similar to prior published retrospective studies, theirs found no difference in performance status, with a 9-month survival time after repeat surgery and 15.”
ResultBrandes, A. A., Basso, U., Reni, M., Vastola, F., Tosoni, A., Cavallo, G., Scopece, L., Ferreri, A. J. M., Panucci, M. G., Monfardini, S., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2004.11.019 · Cited by 114
Tuettenberg, J., Grobholz, R., Korn, T., Wenz, F. K., Erber, R., & Vajkoczy, P. (2004) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-004-0620-5 · Cited by 114
“As the chemotherapeutic drug of choice, we used the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), since it is orally administrable, well tolerated, and already approved and used in a conventional, cyclic manner in recurrent malignant glioma (Brada et al. 2001; Yung et al. 2000; Yung et al. 1999).”
MethodRadiotherapy and radiosensitizers in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.
Chang, J. E., Khuntia, D., Robins, H. I., & Mehta, M. P. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 112
Monitoring temozolomide treatment of low-grade glioma with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Murphy, P. S., Viviers, L., Abson, C., Rowland, I. J., Brada, M., Leach, M. O., & Dzik-Jurasz, A. S. K. (2004) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601593 · Cited by 110
“It is licensed for the treatment of recurrent malignant glioma (glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma) (Yung et al, 1999, 2000; Brada et al, 2001).”
BackgroundMethodResultSelf-citationThe Role of Topotecan in the Treatment of Brain Metastases
Wong, E. T., & Berkenblit, A. (2004) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.9-1-68 · Cited by 107
Das, A., Banik, N. L., Patel, S. J., & Ray, S. K. (2004) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/1476-4598-3-36 · Cited by 105
“Therefore, the use of this drug should be explored further in an adjuvant setting and in combination with other agents [43].”
BackgroundCurrent Chemotherapy for Glioblastoma
Parney, I. F., & Chang, S. M. (2003) · The Cancer Journal · doi:10.1097/00130404-200305000-00003 · Cited by 104
Kong, D., Lee, J.-I., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. T., Kim, W. S., Suh, Y., Dong, S. M., & Nam, D. (2010) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/nop030 · Cited by 100
Temozolomide: a milestone in neuro-oncology and beyond?
Mutter, N., & Stupp, R. (2006) · Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy · doi:10.1586/14737140.6.8.1187 · Cited by 102
Self-citationAnaplastic astrocytoma in adults
Stupp, R., Reni, M., Gatta, G., Mazza, E. A., & Vecht, C. J. (2007) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.03.003 · Cited by 100
Self-citationDose‐dense temozolomide regimens
Neyns, B., Tosoni, A., Hwu, W., & Reardon, D. A. (2010) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.25035 · Cited by 98
“increase the cumulative dose of temozolomide over a 28day cycle by approximately 2-fold compared with the standard 5 of 28-day schedule.(2,5,6,30,32-38) Dose-dense”
BackgroundTargeting malignant glioma survival signalling to improve clinical outcomes
Wong, M. L. H., Kaye, A. H., & Hovens, C. M. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2006.11.005 · Cited by 97
Taal, W., Bromberg, J. E. C., & van den Bent, M. J. (2015) · CNS Oncology · doi:10.2217/cns.15.2 · Cited by 96
Management of malignant glioma: steady progress with multimodal approaches
Ashby, L. S., & Ryken, T. C. (2006) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/foc.2006.20.4.3 · Cited by 96
Dendritic Cell Therapy of High‐Grade Gliomas
Gool, S. V., Maes, W., Ardon, H., Verschuere, T., Cauter, S. V., & Vleeschouwer, S. D. (2009) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2009.00316.x · Cited by 94
Mandel, J. J., Yust‐Katz, S., Patel, A. J., Cachia, D., Liu, D., Park, M., Yuan, Y., Kent, T. A., & de Groot, J. (2017) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/nox144 · Cited by 95
Ernst‐Stecken, A., Ganslandt, O., Lambrecht, U., Sauer, R., & Grabenbauer, G. G. (2006) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-006-9231-0 · Cited by 91
“RS, particularly for small volume recurrences, and salvage chemotherapy are both widely accepted as reasonable treatment options in case of recurrent highgrade glioma [2–8].”
BackgroundToxicity and efficacy of protracted low dose temozolomide for the treatment of low grade gliomas
Pouratian, N., Gasco, J., Sherman, J. H., Shaffrey, M. E., & Schiff, D. (2006) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-006-9280-4 · Cited by 90
“It has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of anaplastic gliomas and glioblastomas [1–3].”
BackgroundState-of-the-art treatment of high-grade brain tumors
Brandes, A. A. (2003) · Seminars in Oncology · doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.11.028 · Cited by 90
Stereotactically Guided Fractionated Re-irradiation in Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme
Combs, S. E., Gutwein, S., Thilmann, C., Huber, P. E., Debus, J., & Schulz–Ertner, D. (2005) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-004-2463-y · Cited by 87
“2 months in patients treated with temozolomide in recurrent or progressive high-grade glioma [24,30].”
BackgroundCarlson, B. L., Grogan, P. T., Mladek, A. C., Schroeder, M. A., Kitange, G. J., Decker, P. A., Giannini, C., Wu, W., Ballman, K. V., James, C. D., et al. (2009) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.04.026 · Cited by 87
Phase 2 study of temozolomide and Caelyx in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme
Chua, S. L. L., Rosenthal, M. A., Wong, S., Ashley, D. M., Woods, A.-M., DOWLING, A. J., & Cher, L. (2004) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1215/s1152851703000188 · Cited by 84
“…by guest on 27 July 2018 This compares with that documented for temozolomide alone in the treatment of recurrent GBM but does not suggest that the combination is more active than single agent temozolomide (Brada et al., 2001; Harris et al., 2000; Stupp, et al., 2001; Yung et al., 1999).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSarin, H. (2009) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/1479-5876-7-77 · Cited by 89
“otherapy[8,15,20-27]; and in the treatment of metastatic brain tumors, it remains unclear as to if there is any additional benefit of systemic chemotherapy[9,10,28-31].”
Buckner, J. C., Ballman, K. V., Michalak, J. C., Burton, G. V., Cascino, T. L., Schomberg, P. J., Hawkins, R. B., Scheithauer, B. W., Sandler, H. M., Marks, R. S., et al. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.04.6979 · Cited by 85
Broniscer, A., Chintagumpala, M., Fouladi, M., Krasin, M. J., Koçak, M., Bowers, D. C., Iacono, L. C., Merchant, T. E., Stewart, C. F., Houghton, P. J., et al. (2005) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-005-7409-5 · Cited by 82
“However, temozolomide activity is more modest in recurrent GBM in adults [8,9].”
BackgroundTemozolomide in Combination With Irinotecan for Treatment of Recurrent Malignant Glioma
Gruber, M. L., & Buster, W. P. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1097/01.coc.0000045852.88461.80 · Cited by 80
“A large open-label uncontrolled multicenter phase II trial in 128 patients with recurrent GBM had similar results, with an overall response of 52% (67/128), objective response of 8% (CR 2, PR 8), and 6-month PFS of 18%.(8) Other studies (n 14–73) had an overall response rate (CR PR SD) ranging from 42.”
ResultTreatment options for recurrent high-grade gliomas
Birk, H. S., Han, S. J., & Butowski, N. A. (2016) · CNS Oncology · doi:10.2217/cns-2016-0013 · Cited by 77
Recent developments in the molecular characterization and treatment of oligodendroglial tumors
van den Bent, M. J., Chinot, O. L., & Cairncross, J. G. (2003) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/5.2.128 · Cited by 78
“In a phase 2 trial, Brada et al. (2001) reported a 6-month progression-free survival rate of 18% and a median progression-free survival and median overall survival of 2.1 and 5.4 months, respectively, in GBM patients who received temozolomide at first relapse.”
BackgroundInfluentialDarkes, M. J. M., Plosker, G. L., & Jarvis, B. (2002) · American Journal of Cancer · doi:10.2165/00024669-200201010-00006 · Cited by 78
Unique biology of gliomas: challenges and opportunities
Watkins, S., & Sontheimer, H. W. (2012) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.05.001 · Cited by 76
Warren, K. E., Gururangan, S., Geyer, J. R., McLendon, R. E., Poussaint, T. Y., Wallace, D., Balis, F. M., Berg, S. L., Packer, R. J., Goldman, S., et al. (2011) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-011-0709-z · Cited by 76
“treated with temozolomide alone, objective response rates were 8–19%, and up to 45% of patients had stable disease [4, 29].”
BackgroundNano-structures mediated co-delivery of therapeutic agents for glioblastoma treatment: A review
Mujokoro, B., Adabi, M., Sadroddiny, E., Adabi, M., & Khosravani, M. (2016) · Materials Science and Engineering C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.080 · Cited by 75
Erpolat, Ö. P., Akmansu, M., Göksel, F., Bora, H., Yaman, E., & Buyukberber, S. (2009) · Tumori Journal · doi:10.1177/030089160909500210 · Cited by 74
Bartolomei, M., Mazzetta, C., Handkiewicz-Junak, D., Bodei, L., Rocca, P. A., Grana, C. M., Maira, G., Sturiale, C. L., Villa, G., & Paganelli, G. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 73
The Future of Glioblastoma Therapy: Synergism of Standard of Care and Immunotherapy
Patel, M. A., Kim, J., Ruzevick, J., Li, G., & Lim, M. K. (2014) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers6041953 · Cited by 73
“Later studies built upon these findings, confirming the moderate clinical response and acceptable safety profile of TMZ in various sub-populations, such as the elderly and those at first-relapse [34,35].”
ResultKong, D., Lee, J.-I., Kim, W. K., Son, M. J., Lim, D. H., Kim, S. H., Park, K., Kim, J. W., Eoh, W., & Nam, D. (2006) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.16.5.1117 · Cited by 70
“Since the majority of them are no longer candidates for further irradiation or surgical intervention, considerable efforts have been recently focused in the investigation of new chemotherapeutic agents and treatment schedules for recurrent glioblastoma (1-6).”
Temozolomide, quercetin and cell death in the MOGGCCM astrocytoma cell line
Jakubowicz-Gil, J., Langner, E., Wertel, I., Piersiak, T., & Rzeski, W. (2010) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2010.07.015 · Cited by 70
13-cis-Retinoic acid in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme
See, S.-J., Levin, V. A., Yung, W.-K. A., Hess, K. R., & Groves, M. D. (2004) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1215/s1152851703000607 · Cited by 69
“However, studies have shown that improvement or maintenance of healthrelated quality of life issues is associated with objectively assessed responses and PFS in patients with malignant gliomas (Brada et al., 2001; Osoba et al., 2000), which is a further impetus to study cRA.”
BackgroundSalvage therapy in patients with glioblastoma
Hau, P., Baumgart, U., Pfeifer, K., Bock, A., Jauch, T., Dietrich, J., Fabel, K. S., Grauer, O. M., Wismeth, C., Klinkhammer‐Schalke, M., et al. (2003) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.11845 · Cited by 69
Health-related quality of life in patients with high-grade glioma
Cheng, J., Zhang, X., & Liu, B.-L. (2008) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1215/15228517-2008-050 · Cited by 69
Metadata
- Authors
- Brada, M., Hoang-Xuan, K., Rampling, R., Dietrich, P.-Y., Dirix, L. Y., Macdonald, D., Heimans, J. J., Zonnenberg, B. A., Bravo-Marques, J. M., Henriksson, R., Stupp, R., Yue, N., Bruner, J., Dugan, M., Rao, S., & Zaknoen, S.
- Affiliations
- Royal Marsden Hospital (GB)
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre (GB)
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil (PT)
- University Hospital of Umeå (SE)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 259-266
- ISSN
- 0923-7534 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2125643269
- Cited by
- 372
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 10.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Annals of Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California, San Francisco
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
- Keywords
- temozolomide, recurrent glioblastoma, first relapse, gliosarcoma, progression-free survival, objective response rate, health-related quality of life, thrombocytopenia, chemotherapy toxicity, dose escalation, palliative care, overall survival, Karnofsky performance status
- MeSH terms
- Temozolomide, Adult, Aged, Brain Neoplasms, Dacarbazine, Female, Glioblastoma, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Prognosis, Quality of Life, Disease-Free Survival, Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
