Methodological challenges in the evaluation of prognostic factors in breast cancer.

Altman, Douglas G.; Lyman, Gary H.

doi:10.1023/a:1006193704132

Cited by 271Breast Cancer Treatment StudiesStatistical Methods in EpidemiologyMeta-analysis and systematic reviews

Methodological challenges in the evaluation of prognostic factors in breast cancer.

Altman, Douglas G., Lyman, Gary H.·1998·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment

DOI 10.1023/a:1006193704132

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Abstract

Many studies are carried out in an effort to find factors that help explain the large unexplained variation in prognosis of breast cancer patients. The principles of good study design and analysis are less well appreciated for prognostic factor studies than for therapeutic trials. The oncology literature is full of results from studies of varying quality, often with conflicting findings. As a consequence, despite the large number of studies, there is still uncertainty about the importance of most prognostic factors. Few recently proposed prognostic factors for breast cancer have become widely accepted. This paper reviews the important methodological issues underlying such research. These issues are illustrated with examples from published studies and recent reviews of papers published in cancer journals. Guidelines are proposed for conducting and evaluating prognostic factor studies which should improve the quality of research in this important area.

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Authors: Altman, D. G., & Lyman, G. H.
Affiliations: University of Oxford (GB)
University of South Florida (US)
ORCID: Altman, Douglas G.
Lyman, Gary H.
Venue: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1998-11
Volume: 52
Issue: 1-3
Pages: 289-303
ISSN: 0167-6806 (ISSN-L)
1573-7217
DOI: 10.1023/a:1006193704132
OpenAlex: W2092931112
Cited by: 271
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 0.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Keywords: breast cancer, prognostic factors, research design, statistical analysis, research quality, methodological issues, research guidelines
MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Prognosis, Regression Analysis, Research Design, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Sample Size

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Methodological challenges in the evaluation of prognostic factors in breast cancer.

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