The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Executive Functioning, Temporal Discounting, and Sense of Time in Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
Abstract
Clinic-referred teens (ages 12-19) with ADHD and ODD (N = 101) were compared to community control (CC) teens, equated for age and sex, (N = 39) on a variety of psychological tasks assessing executive functioning (EF), temporal reward discounting, and time estimation and reproduction. A factor analysis reduced the EF measures to three dimensions, representing CPF Inattention, Working Memory, and CPT Inhibition. Results indicated that the ADHD group had significantly more CPT Inattention than the CC group. No differences were found for Working Memory or CPT Inhibition. The ADHD group displayed significantly greater temporal discounting of delayed hypothetical monetary rewards relative to immediate ones and manifested more impaired time reproduction, but not time estimation, than did the CC group. Main effects for level of IQ were found only on the Working Memory factor and largely did not interact with the group factor otherwise. The group differences in CPT Inattention, temporal discounting, and time reproduction were not a function of level of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder, delinquency, or anxiety-depression. Results are reasonably consistent with past research on EF and sense of time in children with ADHD and extend these findings to the adolescent age group. Problems with working memory and CPT inhibition found in prior studies of children with ADHD, however, were not evident here, perhaps owing to age-related improvements or insufficient task difficulty.
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“Studies with prospective verbal time estimation [3–5, 23, 30] have yet to yield significant group differences.”
In the citing paper
“According to the dyscontrol hypothesis, emotional processing is largely normal in children with ADHD; however, hyperactive children are impaired in their capacity to down-regulate, or inhibit, emotional responses and thus manifest highly emotional behaviors and reactions.”
From Using Stimulants to Treat ADHD-Related Emotional Lability (2014) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“discount future hypothetical rewards (Barkley et al., 2001; but see Scheres et al., 2006 for counter case)”
From Context-dependent Dynamic Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differentiating Common and Unique Effects of State Regulation Deficits and Delay Aversion (2010) · cites this paper as Barkley et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“Studies have shown that children (Scheres et al., 2010; Wilson et al., 2011), adolescents (Barkley et al., 2001; Scheres et al., 2010) and adults (Hurst et al., 2011; Scheres et al., 2008) with ADHD discount delayed reinforcers at higher rates than healthy controls.”
From Excessive discounting of delayed reinforcers as a trans-disease process contributing to addiction and other disease-related vulnerabilities: Emerging evidence (2012) · cites this paper as Barkley et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“Delay discounting paradigms overcome many of these problems, but have been used in few studies with ADHD patients, yielding somewhat inconsistent findings.”
From DAT1 and COMT effects on delay discounting and trait impulsivity in male adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls (2010) · cites this paper as Barkley et al, 2001
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Metadata
- Authors
- Barkley, R. A., Edwards, G., Laneri, M., Fletcher, K., & Metevia, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barkley, Russell A.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 541-556
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W1875653175
- Cited by
- 638
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 5.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh041583-06)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH41583)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- executive function, delay discounting, time perception, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, adolescents, time reproduction, time estimation, inattention, working memory, inhibition, comorbidities, IQ
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Motivation, Neuropsychological Tests, Mental Recall, Time Perception, Verbal Learning, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
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