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Genes, Evolution, and Personality
Abstract
There is abundant evidence, some of it reviewed in this paper, that personality traits are substantially influenced by the genes. Much remains to be understood about how and why this is the case. We argue that placing the behavior genetics of personality in the context of epidemiology, evolutionary psychology, and neighboring psychological domains such as interests and attitudes should help lead to new insights. We suggest that important methodological advances, such as measuring traits from multiple viewpoints, using large samples, and analyzing data by modern multivariate techniques, have already led to major changes in our view of such perennial puzzles as the role of "unshared environment" in personality. In the long run, but not yet, approaches via molecular genetics and brain physiology may also make decisive contributions to understanding the heritability of personality traits. We conclude that the behavior genetics of personality is alive and flourishing but that there remains ample scope for new growth and that much social science research is seriously compromised if it does not incorporate genetic variation in its explanatory models.
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“Heritability estimates for Big Five traits are relatively stable across the life cycle at about 40 to 60 percent (Bouchard and Loehlin [2001]).”
From Personality Psychology and Economics (2011) · cites this paper as Bouchard and Loehlin [2001]
In the citing paper
“Thus far, twin studies have found no evidence of significant sex differences in the genetic and environmental etiology of psychopathology and normal personality (Jang, 2005; Bouchard & Loehlin, 2001) with the exception of antisocial behavior (Tuvblad, 2006; Heiman, et al., 2004; Moffitt, Caspi, Rutter & Silva, 2001).”
From Genetic and environmental influences on impulsivity: A meta-analysis of twin, family and adoption studies (2011) · cites this paper as Bouchard & Loehlin, 2001
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bouchard, T. J., & Loehlin, J. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- ORCID
- Bouchard, Thomas J.
- Venue
- Behavior Genetics
- Published
- 2001-05
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 243-273
- ISSN
- 0001-8244 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3297
- OpenAlex
- W1734767862
- Cited by
- 1,085
- References
- 262
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 33.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Behavior Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Keywords
- personality traits, heritability, evolutionary psychology, nonshared environment, genetic variation, molecular genetics, brain physiology, multivariate analysis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Genetics, Behavioral, Humans, Individuality, Personality, Twin Studies as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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