The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of Theanine, r-Glutamylethylamide, on Brain Monoamines and Striatal Dopamine Release in Conscious Rats
Abstract
Theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, is one of the major components of amino acids in Japanese green tea. Effect of theanine on brain amino acids and monoamines, and the striatal release of dopamine (DA) was investigated. Determination of amino acids in the brain after the intragastric administration of theanine showed that theanine was incorporated into brain through blood-brain barrier via leucine-preferring transport system. The concentrations of norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) in the brain regions were unaffected by the theanine administration except in striatum. Theanine administration caused significant increases in serotonin and/or DA concentrations in the brain, especially in striatum, hypothalamus and hippocampus. Direct administration of theanine into brain striatum by microinjection caused a significant increase of DA release in a dose-dependent manner. Microdialysis of brain with calcium-free Ringer buffer attenuated the theanine-induced DA release. Pretreatment with the Ringer buffer containing an antagonist of non-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) glutamate receptor, MK-801, for 1 hr did not change the significant increase of DA release induced by theanine. However, in the case of pretreatment with AP-5, (+/-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid; antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptor, the theanine-induced DA release from striatum was significantly inhibited. These results suggest that theanine might affect the metabolism and/or the release of some neurotransmitters in the brain, such as DA.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“l-theanine crosses the blood–brain barrier via a leucine-preferred transport system and affects the central nervous system through several pathways, thereby exerting antidepressant and mood-enhancing effects [31,32,33].”
In the citing paper
“The modulation of the monoamine [14,15,16,17] and glutamic acid and glycine [18,19] systems may also contribute to these four weeks psychotropic effects.”
From Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Animal studies have demonstrated that it can dose-dependently increase levels of dopamine in the rat striatum”
From A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Effects of Caffeine and L-Theanine Both Alone and in Combination on Cerebral Blood Flow, Cognition and Mood (2015) · cites this paper as Yokogoshi et al. 1998
In the citing paper
“Animal studies have revealed that L-theanine affected dopamine and serotonin concentrations in the brain, underlying its anxiolytic effect [1,2].”
From Effects of L-theanine or caffeine intake on changes in blood pressure under physical and psychological stresses (2012) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Also in rats, two separate studies from the same research group [60,67], detected the presence of L-theanine in neural tissue after its intragastric administration, and that this transport occurred via a leucinepreferring transport system.”
From Psychotropic effects of L-theanine and its clinical properties: from the management of anxiety and stress to a potential use in schizophrenia (2019) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“Prior to that, Yokogoshi and colleagues had found significantly higher levels of dopamine in rat striatum after intragastric administration of L-theanine, alongside higher levels of serotonin in striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus, as compared to the saline-treated controls [60].”
From Psychotropic effects of L-theanine and its clinical properties: from the management of anxiety and stress to a potential use in schizophrenia (2019) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“Prior to that, Yokogoshi and colleagues had found significantly higher levels of dopamine in rat striatum after intragastric administration of L-theanine, alongside higher levels of serotonin in striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus, as compared to the saline-treated controls [60].”
From Psychotropic effects of L-theanine and its clinical properties: from the management of anxiety and stress to a potential use in schizophrenia (2019) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“Further, L-THE consumed orally as a component of mango sorbet (200 mg) is a lower dose compared to the pharmacodynamic rat studies by Yokogoshi et al. [45] as well as Yokogoshi and Kobayashi [46], which were both similar in design (1500 mg/day and 2000 mg/kg of L-THE administered intraperitoneally).”
In the citing paper
“A dose-dependent hypotensive effect was occurred in spontaneously hypertensive rats injected with L-theanine in vivo [31]”
From l -theanine: A potential multifaceted natural bioactive amide as health supplement (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
Citations
Cites
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585
Magnesium gates glutamate-activated channels in mouse central neurones
Nowak, L. M., Bregestovski, P. D., Ascher, P., Herbet, A., & Prochiantz, A. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/307462a0 · Cited by 4,116
Voltage-dependent block by Mg2+ of NMDA responses in spinal cord neurones
Mayer, M. L., Westbrook, G. L., & Guthrie, P. B. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/309261a0 · Cited by 2,941
Brain Serotonin Content: Physiological Dependence on Plasma Tryptophan Levels
Fernstrom, J. D., & Wurtman, R. J. (1971) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.173.3992.149 · Cited by 1,017
Multiple Range Tests for Correlated and Heteroscedastic Means
Duncan, D. B. (1957) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2527799 · Cited by 962
Amino acid assignment to one of three blood-brain barrier amino acid carriers
Oldendorf, W., & Szabo, J. (1976) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.230.1.94 · Cited by 594
Brain Acetylcholine: Control by Dietary Choline
Cohen, E. L., & Wurtman, R. J. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1251187 · Cited by 390
Lown, B., Temte, J. V., Reich, P., Gaughan, C. E., Regestein, Q. R., & Hai, H. A. (1976) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197603182941201 · Cited by 374
Review of the role of the central serotonergic neuronal system in blood pressure regulation.
Kuhn, D. M., Wolf, W. A., & Lovenberg, W. M. (1980) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.2.3.243 · Cited by 248
Physiological control of brain norepinephrine synthesis by brain tyrosine concentration
Gibson, C. J., & Wurtman, R. J. (1978) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(78)90633-1 · Cited by 204
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Pardridge, W. M. 1977. Regulation of amino acid availability to the brain. Pages 141–204, in Wurtman, R. J., and Wurtman, J. J. (eds.), Nutrition and the brain, Raven Press, New York.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
L-Theanine—a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans
Juneja, L. (1999) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/s0924-2244(99)00044-8 · Cited by 363
l-theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses
Kimura, K., Ozeki, M., Juneja, L. R., & Ohira, H. (2007) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.006 · Cited by 349
Zheng, G., Sayama, K., Ōkubo, T., Juneja, L. R., & Oguni, I. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 297
Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of Parkinson's disease
Hu, G., Bidel, S., Jousilahti, P., Antikaínen, R., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2007) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21706 · Cited by 286
Green tea: Biochemical and biological basis for health benefits
Liao, S., Kao, Y.-H., & Hiipakka, R. A. (2001) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(01)62001-6 · Cited by 190
Metadata
- Authors
- Yokogoshi, H., Kobayashi, M., Mochizuki, M., & Terashima, T.
- Affiliations
- Shizuoka University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Yokogoshi, Hidehiko
- ORCID
- Kobayashi, Miki
- Venue
- Neurochemical Research
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 667-673
- ISSN
- 0364-3190 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6903
- OpenAlex
- W1602115450
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Neurochemical Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Keywords
- theanine, striatal dopamine release, brain monoamines, serotonin, norepinephrine, DOPAC, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, brain amino acids, blood-brain barrier, AP5, MK-801, neurotransmitter metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Alanine, Amino Acids, Animals, Brain, Carrier Proteins, Consciousness, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Glutamates, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Kinetics, Leucine, Male, Norepinephrine, Organ Specificity, Stereoisomerism, Tea, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid, Biogenic Monoamines, 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate, Dizocilpine Maleate, Rats, Wistar, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
