Amino acid assignment to one of three blood-brain barrier amino acid carriers
Abstract
The percentages of 22 14C-labeled amino acids remaining in rat brain 15 s after carotid injection were measured relative to a simultaneously injected diffusible internal standard, 3HOH. The injected solution also contained a nondiffusible internal standard, [113mIn]EDTA to correct for incomplete brain blood compartment washout. Self-inhibition and cross-inhibition was demonstrated by inclusion of unlabeled amino acids and carboxylic acids. All amino acids tested, excluding proline, alanine, and glycine, could be assigned to one, and only one, blood-brain barrier carrier system. The neutral carrier system transported phenylalanine, leucine, tyrosine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophane, valine, DOPA, cysteine, histidine, threonine, glutamine, asparagine, and serine. Affinity for a basic amino acid carrier system was demonstrated for arginine, ornithine, and lysine. A third, low-capacity independent carrier system transporting aspartic and glutamic acids was demonstrated.
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Transporters of neutral and excitatory amino acids, glycine, taurine, and GABA are enriched abluminally and mediate high-affinity transport from brain to endothelium in a sodium-dependent fashion, after which these amino acids are transported across the luminal membrane into the blood via low-affinity transporters mediating clearance of nitrogen-rich and acidic amino acids into the circulation.
“Transporters of neutral and excitatory AA, glycine, taurine, and GABA are enriched abluminally and with high-affinity transport from brain-to-endothelium in a sodium-dependent fashion, and then, these AA are transported across the luminal membrane of the BBB into the blood via low-affinity transporters mediating AA clearance of nitrogen-rich and acidic AA into the circulation (351, 453).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [453]
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- Authors
- Oldendorf, W., & Szabo, J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1976-01-01
- Volume
- 230
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 94-98
- ISSN
- 0002-9513 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2183452160
- Cited by
- 594
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 19.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- blood-brain barrier, amino acid transport, carrier systems, amino acid transporters, phenylalanine, leucine, tryptophan, L-arginine, lysine, aspartic acid, glutamate, autoinhibition, cross-inhibition, rat brain
- MeSH terms
- Amides, Amino Acids, Animals, Binding, Competitive, Biological Transport, Active, Blood-Brain Barrier, Carrier Proteins, Female, Fumarates, Lactates, Male, Pyruvates, Stereoisomerism, Succinates, Rats
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