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Cortical area and species differences in dendritic spine morphology
Abstract
Dendritic spines receive most excitatory inputs in the neocortex and are morphologically very diverse. Recent evidence has demonstrated linear relationships between the size and length of dendritic spines and important features of its synaptic junction and time constants for calcium compartmentalisation. Therefore, the morphologies of dendritic spines can be directly interpreted functionally. We sought to explore whether there were potential differences in spine morphologies between areas and species that could reflect potential functional differences. For this purpose, we reconstructed and measured thousands of dendritic spines from basal dendrites of layer III pyramidal neurons from mouse temporal and occipital cortex and from human temporal cortex. We find systematic differences in spine densities, spine head size and spine neck length among areas and species. Human spines are systematically larger and longer and exist at higher densities than those in mouse cortex. Also, mouse temporal spines are larger than mouse occipital spines. We do not encounter any correlations between the size of the spine head and its neck length. Our data suggests that the average synaptic input is modulated according to cortical area and differs among species. We discuss the implications of these findings for common algorithms of cortical processing.
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“Human cortical pyramidal neurons are characterized by high spine density and large spine size compared to mouse neurons (Benavides-Piccione et al., 2002)”
From Xenotransplanted human cortical neurons reveal species-specific development and functional integration into mouse visual circuits (2019) · cites this paper as Benavides-Piccione et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“Spine sizes and neck lengths of xenotransplanted neurons were higher than those of host mouse neurons (Figures 3I–3K) and in the range of those reported in the human cortex”
From Xenotransplanted human cortical neurons reveal species-specific development and functional integration into mouse visual circuits (2019) · cites this paper as Benavides-Piccione et al., 2002
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“However, the transplanted neurons at the latest examined stages display a larger size distribution of dendritic spines, comparable to human cortical neurons in vivo (Benavides-Piccione et al., 2002).”
From Xenotransplanted human cortical neurons reveal species-specific development and functional integration into mouse visual circuits (2019) · cites this paper as Benavides-Piccione et al., 2002
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Ikeuchi, Y. (2021) · The Brain & Neural Networks · doi:10.3902/jnns.28.151
CACNB4 overexpression decreases dendritic spine density in sex-specific mannerPreprint
Parker, E. M., Kindja, N. L., DeGiosio, R. A., Salisbury, R. B., Krivinko, J. M., Cheetham, C. E. J., MacDonald, M. L., & Sweet, R. A. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.02.02.478824
Schünemann, K. D., Hattingh, R. M., Verhoog, M. B., Yang, D., Bak, A., Peter, S., van Loo, K. M. J., Wolking, S., Kronenberg‐Versteeg, D., Weber, Y. G., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.12.18.629169
Busch, S. E., & Hansel, C. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.105013.1
Metadata
- Authors
- Benavides-Piccione, R., Ballesteros-Yáñez, I., DeFelipe, J., & Yuste, R.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Cajal (ES)
- Venue
- Journal of Neurocytology
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3-5
- Pages
- 337-346
- ISSN
- 0300-4864 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7381
- OpenAlex
- W1482113029
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neurocytology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- John Merck Fund
- Instituo Cajal
- Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología
- National Eye Institute (R01EY013237, EY 13237)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 40726, R01NS040726)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- dendritic spines, dendritic spine morphology, species differences, layer III pyramidal neurons, basal dendrites, spine density, synaptic input, neocortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Brain Mapping, Cell Count, Cerebral Cortex, Dendrites, Fluorescent Dyes, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Isoquinolines, Male, Species Specificity, Pyramidal Cells, Cell Size, Mice
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