The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Factor Analysis of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-R
Abstract
The current study examined the factor structure of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) in children with autism. Factor extraction procedures of 12 items from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) were applied in N = 207 individuals with autism. Two interpretable factors were identified: Factor 1--repetitive sensory motor actions and Factor 2--resistance to change. There was a significant negative correlation between an index of level of adaptive functioning and Factor 1. Intraclass correlations were not significant for either factor in a subset of families with two or more siblings with autism (multiplex). No differences in scores were apparent for either factor when multiplex families and families containing only one affected individual with autism (singleton) were compared. RRB in autism are represented by two distinct factors which may reflect two separate groups within autism. Defining subgroups within autism will allow for reduction of clinical heterogeneity and enhance our ability to dissect the genetic etiology of this complex disorder.
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In the citing paper
“Multiple studies (Bishop et al. 2006, 2013; Cuccaro et al. 2003) have identified two factors that may represent unique phenotypes of RRBs among individuals with ASD: (1) “repetitive sensory-motor behaviors” and (2) “insistence on sameness”.”
From The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond (2021) · cites this paper as Cuccaro et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“Factor 1 consists of motor mannerisms, sensory seeking behaviors, repetitive use of objects, and more generally self-stimulatory behaviors (Cuccaro et al. 2003; Bishop et al. 2006).”
From The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond (2021) · cites this paper as Cuccaro et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“Factor 2 encompasses behaviors related to compulsions, rituals, and resistance to change (Cuccaro et al. 2003; Bishop et al. 2006).”
From The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond (2021) · cites this paper as Cuccaro et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“Though extensive data exist about the presence of each of the defined RRBs in children with autism (Cuccaro et al. 2003, Honey et al. 2012, Mandy et al. 2012, Szatmari et al. 2006), the groupings themselves were not empirically derived.”
From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Cuccaro et al. 2003
Citations
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- Sparrow, S. S., Balla, D., and Cicchetti, D. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Interview Edition, Survey Form. 1984. Circle Pines, MN, American Guidance Service. (GENERIC) Ref Type: Pamphlet
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Nenniger, G. (2023) · doi:10.51363/unifr.lth.2023.019
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Наследов, А., Александрович, М. С., Tkacheva, L. O., Защиринская, О., & Семета, М. У. (2023) · doi:10.15862/01mnnpm23
Kästel, I. S. (2023) · Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) · doi:10.21248/gups.81641
Noerr, K. L., & Swinford, R. (2024) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.13191
Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Complex Communication Needs
Ganz, J. B. (2014) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0814-1_1
Chong, L. C. (2024) · CentAUR (University of Reading) · doi:10.48683/1926.00119848
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Schmilovich, Z. (2024) · eScholarship@McGill (McGill) · doi:10.82308/38541
Autism Spectrum Disorder In Girls: Sex Differences, Subtypes, And Symptom Structure
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Description de l’effet de transfert musique-parole et discussion sur son origine
Huang, Y. (2022) · Papyrus : Institutional Repository (Université de Montréal) · doi:10.71781/13850
Sheikhi, N., Schnur, G., & Faja, S. (2026) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.70175
Mithani, K., Tate, S. A., Hagopian, L. P., Breitbart, S. C., Sriharan, S., Kisteroff, F., Huynh, M., Malik, S., Thorpe, K. E., Huber, J. F., et al. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-110222
Dimensional approach to the conceptualization and measurement of the broad autism phenotype
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Association Between Anxiety and RRBs in Autistic Youth: Role of Ethnicity
Callaci, C. R. (n.d.) · The Scholars Repository - LLU (Loma Linda University)
Surmacz, M., Coffman, M. C., Faja, S., Nadwodny, N., Dawson, G., Jeste, S., Kleinhans, N. M., Chawarska, K., Webb, S. J., Shic, F., et al. (2026) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579426101813
Leveraging Preclinical Models to Understand Human Neurobiology and Behavior
Dearborn, J. T., Selmanovic, D., Chaturvedi, S. M., Sarafinovska, S., & Maloney, S. E. (2026) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2026_619
Metadata
- Authors
- Cuccaro, M. L., Shao, Y., Grubber, J., Slifer, M., Wolpert, C. M., Donnelly, S. L., Abramson, R. K., Ravan, S. A., Wright, H. H., DeLong, G. R., & Pericak-Vance, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cuccaro, Michael L.
- Venue
- Child Psychiatry and Human Development
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-17
- ISSN
- 0009-398X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3327
- OpenAlex
- W1241721946
- Semantic Scholar
- fe72d21df02a060f6a663aaa77439d0e788eda67
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 3.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Psychiatry & Human Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS36768, R01NS036768)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- restricted and repetitive behaviors, autism spectrum disorder, factor structure, resistance to change, adaptive behavior, multiplex families, autism subgroups, clinical heterogeneity, genetic etiology
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Phenotype, Stereotyped Behavior
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