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The typical dreams of Canadian University Students
Abstract
To investigate the dimensional structure of dreams, the Typical Dreams Questionnaire (TDQ) was administered to 1181 first-year University students in three Canadian cities. A profile of themes was found that varied little by age, gender or region; however, differences that were identified could be interpreted as due to developmental milestones, personality attributes or sociocultural factors. Factor analysis produced a solution consisting of 16 coherent factors that were differentially associated with demographic variables and that accounted for 51% of the variance. Women loaded primarily on negative factors (failure, loss of control, snakes-insects), men primarily on positive factors (magic-myth, alien life). Results support the concept of typical dream themes as consistent over time, region and gender and as reflecting the influence of fundamental dream dimensions that may be influenced by sociocultural, personality, cognitive or physiological factors.
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The chase dream is one of the most cross-culturally constant themes, the most common nightmare theme, and the most prevalent recurrent dream theme from both childhood (41.5%) and adulthood (14.6%).
“The chase dream is one of the most cross-culturally constant themes (135–138), the most common nightmare theme [(67), p. 60] and the most prevalent recurrent dream theme from both childhood (41.5%) and adulthood (14.6%) (139).”
From The Stress Acceleration Hypothesis of Nightmares (2017) · cites this paper as [136]
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Wang, J., He, J., Bin, T., Ma, H., Wan, J., Li, X., Feng, X., & Shen, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01430 · Cited by 4
A Neuroanatomical Framework for Understanding Dream Content
Yu, C. K. C. (2016) · Sleep and Hypnosis · doi:10.5350/sleep.hypn.2016.18.0112 · Cited by 4
Dream contents of early adolescents, adolescents, and young adults: A cluster analysis with T-LAB.
Maggiolini, A., Morelli, M., Falotico, E., & Montali, L. (2016) · Dreaming · doi:10.1037/drm0000027 · Cited by 4
Sexual dream and family relationships in frequent sexual dreamers and healthy volunteers
Shao, X., Wang, C., Jia, Y., & Wang, W. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000021981 · Cited by 4
Bad dreams, bedtime anxiety, and trait anxiety in school-aged children
Schredl, M. (2020) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-020-00268-3 · Cited by 4
Kirberg, M., & Windt, J. (2025) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2025.103965 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Nielsen, T. A., Zadra, A. L., Simard, V., Saucier, S., Stenstrom, P., Smith, C., & Kuiken, D.
- Affiliations
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (CA)
- Trent University (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Venue
- Dreaming
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 211-235
- ISSN
- 1053-0797 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3351
- OpenAlex
- W2157848627
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Dreaming (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Jungian Analytical Psychology
- Keywords
- dream content, dream themes, university students, developmental milestones
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