The development and psychometric evaluation of the motivation and energy inventory (MEI)
Abstract
Because depressed patients commonly experience reductions in motivation and energy, both as symptoms of their disorder and as side effects of pharmacotherapy, it is important to identify interventions that can restore their vitality. The Motivation and Energy Inventory (MEI) was recently developed to facilitate the evaluation of such efforts both in depression research, as well as in other therapeutic areas where vitality is an important issue. The constructs addressed by the MEI were identified through a combination of literature review, consultation with experts, and patient focus groups. Potential problems identified during cognitive testing and addressed in subsequent revisions related to the instructions, reference period, response scale sizes, and response scale labels, as well as a number of item-specific issues. Most recently, the data from two randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials were utilized to evaluate the psychometric properties of the new questionnaire. In general, the data collected during the first and second trial were used for exploratory and confirmatory analysis, respectively. Consistent with the measurement model of the MEI, the psychometric results confirm that the instrument has three factors generally addressing physical energy, mental energy, and social motivation. Furthermore, these results provide evidence for the internal consistency, construct validity, and responsiveness of all three MEI subscales. Additional work is currently underway to examine test-retest reliability and establish minimal clinically important difference values for the MEI subscales.
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The MEI was designed to be responsive to treatment effects and able to discriminate among patient populations with differing clinical characteristics.
“It was designed to be responsive to treatment effects and able to discriminate among patient populations with differing clinical characteristics.”
From Patient-reported outcome measures for life engagement in mental health: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
In depression, the three MEI subscales each showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.75-0.89), construct validity (moderate correlation with quality of life, r = −0.42 to −0.64, and modest correlation with depressive symptoms, r = −0.15 to −0.26), and could detect changes over time.
“In depression, the three MEI subscales each showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.75–0.89), construct validity (moderate correlation with quality of life, r = − 0.42 to − 0.64, and modest correlation with depressive symptoms, r = − 0.15 to − 0.26), and could detect changes over time [35].”
From Patient-reported outcome measures for life engagement in mental health: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
The Motivation and Energy Inventory (MEI) measures vitality in the past 4 weeks.
“The MEI [35] measures vitality in the past 4 weeks.”
From Patient-reported outcome measures for life engagement in mental health: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Fehnel, S. E., Bann, C. M., Hogue, S. L., Kwong, W. J., & Mahajan, S. S.
- Affiliations
- RTI International (US)
- GlaxoSmithKline (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fehnel, S.E.
- Venue
- Quality of Life Research
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1321-1336
- ISSN
- 0962-9343 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2649
- OpenAlex
- W2009337441
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Quality of Life Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- motivation, energy, depression, vitality, psychometric properties, questionnaire development, physical energy, mental energy, social motivation, construct validity, responsiveness, internal consistency, minimal clinically important difference
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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